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Religion > General Study Flashcards > Flashcards

General Study Flashcards

1
Q

What is Morality?

A

A Personal sense of right and wrong that is not enforced.

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2
Q

What is Ethics?

A

Ethics are the standards of good and bad that are imposed by an outisde group.
Ethics can bring us farther or closer to God.

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3
Q

Can Ethics and Morality conflict?

A

Yes, ethics and morality may conflcit. For example you may be ethical but not moral, or moral but unethical.

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4
Q

List the 4 ethical experiences.

A
  1. The Scream
  2. The beggar
  3. The Experience of Obligation/I have to
  4. This is intolerable
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5
Q

Describe characteristics of “The Scream”

A

We have a natural tendency/instinct to help others when we hear them scream.
We always check to see if the situation could hurt us before going to help the screamer.

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6
Q

Decribe characteristics of “The Beggar”.

A

We react deely to human plight whether we take postive or negtaive actoon to address the problem.
Give money = feelings of awareness of our compassion.
Deny money/avoid = feelings fo responsibility and justice.

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7
Q

Describe characteristics of “The Experience of Obligation”

Otherwise known as the “I have to”

A

Humans react deeply to obligation whether or not the meet them.
“I have to do this thing so I can’t do that thing” or “I know I have to do this thing but I don’t want to do this thing”.

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8
Q

Describe characteristics of the “This is Intolerable” mentality.

A

Humans are outraged when something blatantly unjust or unfair happens to themselves or others.

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9
Q

Describe freedom and action.

A

Freedom: The human potential (capacity and power) to act.
Action: The realization that we have the power to act.

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10
Q

Who created the Conceptual Framework of Action and why did they create it?

A

Philosopher Ricoer created the Conceptual Framework of Action and he made it to further our understanding of human action.

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11
Q

List the seven questions asked in the Framework fo Action theory.

A
  1. who
  2. what
  3. why
  4. how
  5. under what circumstances
  6. with or against whom
  7. with what outcome
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12
Q

Describe the who in the framework of action theory.

A

Who is the agent (the person who makes things happen).

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13
Q

Describe the what in the framework of action theory.

A

What is the action occuring.

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14
Q

Describe the why in the framework of action theory.

A

The intention behind the action or motive.

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14
Q

Define Motive.

A

Motive is a reason for an action. Who you become is based on your motives.
Giving a motive justifies the action and gives it value.

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15
Q

Describe the how in the framework of action theory.

A

How is the action being carried out.
The way the action is being carried out affects the agent.
The end does not justify the means the means qualify the actions.

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16
Q

Describe the Under what circumstances in the framework of action theory.

A

The circumstances in which you do something impacts your actions.
Circumstances increase or decrease your responsibility for the action.

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17
Q

Describe the With or against whom in the framework of action theory.

A

Seeking aproval of others through the justification of one’s actions.
We evaluate actions based on other’s actions.
Every action is an interaction.

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18
Q

Describe the With what outcome in the framework of action theory.

A

The outcome of your actions (intended or not) affects the self for good or bad.

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19
Q

List the 8 Freedom Theories

A
  1. Libertarianism
  2. (Hard) Determinism
  3. Free Will
  4. Analytical Philosophy
  5. Predetermination
  6. Nauralism
  7. Religious Determinism
  8. Social Determinism.
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20
Q

Which of the 8 Freedom Theories (and Freud) believe the will is not a real entity?

A

Social determinism, Naturalism, and Religious determinism.

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21
Q

Describe Libertarian Free Will.

A

Doing something because you want to.
An action does not cause another.
If we feel free then we are.

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22
Q

Describe (Hard) Determinsim

A

The assumption that all our actions are predetermined and are due to previous events.
Beliefs + desires + temperance = action

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23
Q

Describe Free Will and Catholics viewpoints on it.

The Freedom Theory

A

We have complete control over our actions and nothing is predetermined.
To act out of freedom we must exercise our will.
Will + Act = willed act/intended
Catholics believe we have the power to choose our destiny by making ethical decision.

24
Q

Describe Analytical Philosophy

A

If anything had meaning then it must have a sensory experience linked to it.
Examines the language we use to communicate our actions and explores what we constitute as a meaningful action.

25
Q

Describe Predeterminism

A

Our lives follow a series of events that have already been chosen and are predetermined.

26
Q

Describe Naturalism

A

Nature controls humans and everything is shaped by natural processes.
Humans are genetically preprogrammed, meaning our choices are a result of our genes.
Free will is an illusion your genes define who you are.
We are not responsible for our actions.
Cause + act = caused act

27
Q

Describe Religious Determinsim

A

God predetermines the entire course of historu and each humans fate (at birth).
Example = John Calvin and Calvinism
Our choices have no impact on our fate.
Human freedom and God’s providence do not conflict.

28
Q

What is Providence?

A

God’s influence on events and actions.

29
Q

Describe Social Deteminism

A

No one is free because we are all products of what others have done to us.
Our subconscious affects our conscious behaviours and decisions.
Not born this way but taught this way.
What we do is a consequence of external causes.
Morality is artificial and an imposition on our instincts.

30
Q

What is Freud’s theory of Unconscience Determinism?

A

Until you recconect with the repressed memory your actions are not free and you are not responsible for them.

31
Q

List the types of Conscience.

A
  1. Well formed
  2. Wrongly formed
  3. Lax
  4. Legalistic
32
Q

What is a well-formed conscience?

A

Formed using scripture, the church, and community.
Entails recognizing one’s own guilt from past wrongdoings and what such an experience taught us.

33
Q

What is a wrongly-formed conscience?

A

Formed on misinformation or information that was mistaken.

34
Q

What is a lax conscience?

A

Not being concerned about whther or not an action is right or wrong.

35
Q

What is a legalistic conscience?

A

Obeying rules perfectly.
Following the letter of the law not the spirit of the law.

36
Q

What are the types of Guilt?

A
  1. Warranted
  2. Unwarranted
  3. Too little
  4. Excessive
37
Q

Explain warranted guilt.

A

We know an act is wrong and do it anyways then recognize and accept that what we did was wrong.
well formed conscience = warranted guilt

38
Q

Explain Unwarranted guilt.

A

No real justifiable reason to feel guilty.
wrongly formed conscience = unwarranted guilt

39
Q

Explain Too little guilt.

A

Becoming accustomed to sin and feeling immune to wrongdoing.
Lax conscience = Too little guilt

40
Q

Explain Excessive guilt.

A

Guilt out of porportion to the severity of the wrongdoing.
Legalistic conscience = Excessive guilt.

41
Q

List the 6 Anthropological Traits.

A
  1. Importance of others
  2. Importance of having a direction in life
  3. Communication and language
  4. Character and my body
  5. Importance of conscience
  6. The Development of conscience.
42
Q

Describe the importance of others.

Anthropological trait

A

Narcissism is present in Western society.
Healthy and mature personalities have a balance of left love and love for others.
relationships = reward in return for putting in work.
Our relationships with others is a way to realize the attainment of our own personal freedom.

43
Q

What is narcissism?

A

Self absorption to the exclusion of others.
Manifiests itself in feelings of rage and aggression against those who don’t support the “me”.

44
Q

Describe the importance of having a direction in life.

Anthropological traits

A

Knowing our values and what we beleive in helps to know where you stand.
Identity emerges from the direction taken in life.
identity is linked with moral direction in life.

45
Q

What did Charles Taylor say about identity?

Anthropological traits

A

Charles Taylor said that “my identity lives in my commitments”.

46
Q

Describe the Importance of communication and language.

Anthropological traits

A

Our community helps shape our beliefs and values.
Our world is shaped by language
Language contains and shares common experiences with others.
Language may be meaningless to those without the shared experience or differnet experiences.
Language can go beyond the dictionary meaning (Example = trinity, grace, incarnation, and eucharist).

47
Q

Describ the importance of character and the body.

Anthropological traits

A

Our actions shape our character.
The choices made everyday are the product of what you believe and value as well as he habits you have formed over the years.
Fixed actions happen over time through a continuous or repatative action.
Our choices can lead us down good or bad paths and affect our character.

48
Q

What is Character?

A

The wya your actions over time become fixed in the body.
How actions influence personality and values.

49
Q

What is the character cycle?

A

Choices Good = virtues
/ /
Conscience >Habits >Character
/ /
Actions Bad = vices

50
Q

Describe the importance of conscience.

Anthropological trait

A

Conscience is a voice that calls us to love and do what is good.
A radical experience of ourselves as moral agents.
Law enscribed on humans by God.
Moral consicnce helps integrate values taught to us from outside sources until they become personal choices and values.
Conscince is based on committing ourselves to a set of values.

51
Q

Explain the ID, SUPEREGO, and EGO in relation to conscience.

A

Super ego = angel // ego = you // id = devil

ID = the unconscince resevoir of instrinctual drives

EGO = the conscience structure that regulates the forces of the ID and demands of society and the reality of the physical world.

SUPEREGO = the standards and regulations of authority figures that regulates our conduct by using guilt and fear of punsihment.

52
Q

Describe the importance of development of conscience.

Anthropological trait

A

Our conscience develops as we mature and as we gain experiences and participate in the Eucharist, prayer life, and the church.
Helps realize our failures and sins while recognizing the need for others and God.
A well formed conscience is informed.

53
Q

What are the 5 parts of an informed conscience?

A
  1. scripture
  2. church
  3. Christian community guidelines
  4. humility
  5. Eucharist
54
Q

What are the 6 parts of a misinfromed conscience?

A
  1. rationalization
  2. trivialization
  3. misinformation
  4. the ends justify the immoral means (bad to bad)
  5. means to an end (bad to good)
  6. difficult reason
55
Q

Conscience as a capacity to recognize right and wrong is our….

A

Capacity to know and do good while avoiding evil.
Our personal responsibility to know what is right and wrong.
FUNDAMENTAL AWARENESS THAT THERE IS A RIGHT AND WRONG.

56
Q

Conscience as a process of value and moral reasoning is……

A

Seeking the help of the community to achieve “correct seeing and right
thinking”.
Where conscience is formed, within a community.
Seeks the truth.

57
Q

Conscience as a judgement is…..

A

The act of doing right and avoiding wrong according to ME.
Judgement and decision of what I must do in the situation based on my own personal perspectives and grasps of values.

Religion (7 decks)

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