Exam Notes Flashcards

Question

Describe the third anthropological trait: Importance of communication/language.

Answer 1

**importance of communication/language: ** Our community helps shape our beliefs and values and teach what’s right and wrong. Language is meaningless without shared experiences.

Answer 2

Our actions shape our character. Repeated actions create habits Our choices are a result of our beliefs, values and habits.

Answer 3

Conscience (choices and actions) —> habits (virtues and vices) —> character

Answer 4

** Importance of conscience: ** Conscience and FREUD Id = I want (desires) Ego = regulates the id’s desires Super ego = regulates our conduct through guilt and fear of punishment.

Answer 5

**Development of Conscience: ** Develops as we mature, through experiences, virtues, and helps us realize rights and wrongs. Develops through our faith, scripture and Eucharist.

Answer 6

Scripture Church teachings and traditions Christian community guidelines Humility The Eucharist

Answer 7

Rationalization (rationalize it) Trivialization (it’s no big deal) Misinformation Ends justifies the immoral means (journey = bad so outcome is bad) Means to an end (using people to get what you want) Difficult to reason

Answer 8

** Capacity** to recognize right and wrong: Our capacity to know right and wrong and to do good. Our sense of value and responsibility. **Process ** of moral reasoning: Knowing how to perceive and think accurately. Conscience must be formed (through community) and examined. Seek the truth and knowledge we make it our own and search for what we believe is right. **Judgement ** What I must do in the situation based on my values Realize and expresses my fundamental stance Must obey this conscience to be true to myself

Answer 9

Well-formed Wrongly formed LAX Legalistic

Answer 10

Warranted Unwarranted Too-little Excessive

Answer 11

Prudence —> intellect/reason Justice —> will Fortitude —> irascible appetite Temperance —> concupiscible good Must perfect!!!!

Answer 12

Faith Hope Charity God given gifts!!!

Answer 13

The conceptual framework of action was created by Paul Riocoeur. There are 7 component: 1. Who 2. What 3. Why 4. How 5. Under what circumstances 6. With or against whom 7. With what outcome

Answer 14

Reveals the heart of Jesus’s teachings, aka the beatitudes. The beatitudes reveals the ethics of the kingdom of God as well as how to behave, act, and live according to God. Can never be as good as God but we strive to be through the beatitudes The beatitudes (and sermon) helps us fulfill the 10 commandments and attain virtues.

Answer 15

Pertaining to the end of time and the fullness of time. Time can’t contain Gods love fully but in fragments. Helps us strive for the infinite good. ** Ethics in response to an experience of being loved ** Must always do and strive for the best despite never fully being able to achieve goodness to gods extent.

Answer 16

Standard of excellence: Starts with moral virtues (general character traits) that help us engage successfully in various practices. Practices help us gain specific skills which help in achieving rewards. Rewards can be internal (our personal feelings) or external (an award). Achieving these rewards help us reach the standard of excellence. Standard of excellence should never be lowered, once everyone meets the standards then it should be raised. **Meeting and exceeding the standard is a crucial part of human flourishing***

Answer 17

Social constructs that give structure and form to a community’s system of meanings, beliefs and values. Values become established in social institutions.

Answer 18

**Institutions are the backbone of the common good** Directs how to promote and protect the social good. Institutions are only as good as the people running them. We are all called to and are responsible to make institutions better.

Answer 19

Sensible = known via sensation Intelligible = no sensible qualities, aka a “known good”. Known by intellect.

Answer 20

Motivating principles of human action. Drawn to them. As we achieve/fulfill them we achieve happiness.

Answer 21

Makes peoples lives better 1.life - preserve, defend, and create it - good to be alive 2. Knowledge of truth - seek truth and ask questions 3. Leisure - aesthetics - seek/behold the beautiful 4. Leisure - skill - inclined to create beauty through skills - develop and perfect skills

Answer 22

The self in relation to others. 1. Sociability - harmony between ourself and others - friendships (us) and peace peace treaties (nations) 2. Spirituality/Religion - harmony between ourself and God/the divine 3. Integrity - harmony between the various elements of the self - inner peace, harmony in our choices 4. Marriage - giving one’s physical self to another - unity/union

Answer 23

Laws come from God, the Church or society (governments). A reasonable decision made by a competent authority figure. The judgement of a lawmaker HAS A LEGAL PUNISHMENT ASSOCIATED!!

Answer 24

A prescribed guide for conduct/action. An authoritative statement of what can or can’t be done.

Answer 25

A general truth or rule of conduct. How every ethical person would react in the same situation.

Answer 26

1. Do good avoid evil 2. Do to others as you would have them do to you 3. The ends don’t justify the means - don’t do evil so good may come of it 4. When in doubt don’t 5. The lesser of two evils 6. The 3 font principle - three elements in ethical decisions, all three must be in agreement - act: what’s being done - motive: why did do it - circumstances: factors 7. Balance all rights and responsibilities 8. Totality 9. Cooperation - *formal* = someone *intentionally* helps another or is aware of another committing a sinful act that they are apart of - *material* = unaware of the others sinful act to achieve the good act/end result. Only permitted if there’s an overriding reason. 10. Probabilism - can’t prevent a good act because you aren’t sure if it’s a good act 11. Follow what nature intends 12. Dignity and worth of every human life 13. Moral relativity vs. Objectivity - relativity = based on feelings - objectivity = based on facts only right or wrong.

Answer 27

1. Trust v mistrust - babies - physical needs must be met, not too little (lack of trust), not too much (unhealthy dependency) but healthy dependency. 2. Autonomy v shame/doubt - 2-5 y/o - develops independence’s new how to say no - too little = shame and doubt - too much = narcissism 3. Initiative v Guilt - toddlers - as children’s worlds broaden they either develop initiative or guilt due to not feeling like they can do something 4. Industry v inferiority - 8-12 y/o - child gains confidence through success - inferior/lack of confidence —> confidence —> over confidence 5. Identity v identity confusion - Teens (me) - teens look to define their identity and explore their place in society - identity confusion occurs when teens don’t know who they are and turn to others to tell them. 6. Intimacy v isolation - late teens to early adults (me) - a crisis of finding someone to share yourself with (romantic/ platonic) - if unsuccessful they spiral into isolation 7. Generatively v stagnation - mid life (crisis) - contribution to next generation - stagnation if they feel their life was a waste and become paralyzed by the idea that their life meant nothing to anyone else (insignificant) 8. Integrity v despair - end of life - evaluate their life, determine if it was good or not - good = integrity - bad = despair, sorrow and doubt

Answer 28

1. Preconceived moral thinking - 3-7 y/o - children make moral decisions based on fear of being punished and rewards 2. Conventional moral thinking - 8-13 y/o (me) - duty bound - teens act morally based on how much they trust, care and are loyal do others. - follows rules out of respect for authority. 3. Post-conventional moral thinking - adults - moral decisions based on principles of Justice and our concern for the greater good. - you act on your own judgements

Answer 29

State of nature is brutish, nasty and poor. Each individual has the natural right to everything regardless of others Laws in state of nature are laws of self preservation Individuals fear death so they form society Gov’s role = protect competition to prevent murder Society = a transfer of rights, limit individual powers to protect themselves. - Protection forms obligation to obey ruler/ Govt

Answer 30

Tabula Rasa = empty slate Tabula Plena = full slate Created majority rules, minority rights, and private property We are equal and free to act without interference from others Individuals voluntarily surrender their rights to protect property. Govt likes property owners and is biased to the rich Govt makes rules and laws about private property Freedom = pursuit of one’s life, liberty and property Common good is served when govt protects private property Can overthrow bad government

Answer 31

Natural state = humans good by nature but society corrupts us, makes us competitive. Social contract = submit to the general will of society Govt creates laws, we follow them Only accept society if it benefits us Everyone’s equal and bound to the social contract, including government. Govt can be replaced if not following social contract.

Answer 32

HATED utilitarianism (aka greatest good for greatest # of people) Only accepts what’s just and fair Two principles of Justice 1. Rights are given equally to everyone, everyone has a system of rights - can be traded off to ensure the largest system of rights 2. Economic and social inequalities are only justified if they benefit society - all positions = to all Rights and freedoms > the common good An unjust law > no law Individual liberty is restricted to ensure equality *Veil of ignorance* = original position where individuals hide their identity and bias.

Answer 33

The good = freedom and class conflicts hindering liberation Liked communism as it would end man against man struggles of capitalism *Ideal* Freed of: worker exploitation and long work hours

Answer 34

Public ownership of property, classless society and equal distribution of goods.

Answer 35

Communism can lead to abuse by deriving individuals of the value of their work. Church likes private property to combat this

Answer 36

Production and distribution is privately owned for profit under competitive conditions

Answer 37

Capitalism can cause the abuse of workers to increase money. Church likes unions to combat this.

Answer 38

Getting what you deserve, whether punishment or reward.

Answer 39

INDIVIDUAL JUSTICE Obligations individuals have in one to one relationships Without this no other Justice can exist.

Answer 40

Social Justice Obligations individuals have towards their community or society as a whole

Answer 41

Obligations individuals have towards Gods greater creation (nature) as Stewards of the Earth.

Answer 42

Obligations that society has towards its members. The role of governments, corporations, communities, and individuals in the just/fair distribution of resources. Balance between individuals contribution and needs and what the community owes them.

Answer 43

1. Thé good of citizenship 2. Thé good of security and public assistance 3. The economic good 4. The good of offices and positions

Answer 44

*Omission* = sin of inaction. We fail to get involved, speak up about the truth and defend the helpless. *Commission* = sin of action We fail to treat others as we would like to be treated

Answer 45

*Mortal* = completely kills the relationship with God. Only mortal if the action/omission is wrong, if the person knows it’s wrong and if full consent of the will is given. *Serious* = could kill the relationship but instead rocks the relationship. Full consent of the will is not given. *Venial* = not yet fatal sin. Does not cut the heart of the relationship. A refusal to grow and a detour in the relationship.

Answer 46

Divides the family experiences I to stages over the life span and describes changes in family structure and rules.

Answer 47

1. Married couples - no kids but prepares for them 2. Childbearing families - adjusting to the increased family size, caring for infants and providing a positive development environment. 3. Families with preschool children - satisfying the needs and interests of preschool children - coping with the demands on energy and attention with less privacy at home. 4. Families with school children - promote educational achievement and fitting in with the community of families with school aged children. 5. Families with teenagers - allowing and helping children to become more independent, coping with their independence and developing new interests beyond childcare. 6. Families as launching Centers - releasing young adults and accepting new ways of relating to them; maintaining a supportive home base and adapting new living circumstances. 7. Middle age parents - renewing and redefining the marriage relationship maintaining ties with children and their families; preparing for retirement. 8. Aging family members - adjusting to retirement, coping with the death of the married partner and life alone

Answer 48

1. Shared decision making 2. Discussion 3. No specific roles 4. Esteem building 5. You can go your own way

Answer 49

1. Authoritarian 2. It has a one person focus 3. There are specific rules 4. Lacks esteem 5. Stay with and be like us.

Answer 50

An issue that often results in a dispute or disagreement due to a strong difference of opinion.

Answer 51

Feeds the cycle of violence by pandering to a list for revenge. Deadens our sensitivities to the precious nature of every single humans life.

Answer 52

If no other means besides lethal measures it’s okay. If other, non lethal, measures exist then it is not okay.