Religion In Society

Question 1

What is heresy?

Answer 1

Heresy is the denial of the validity of the key doctrines of the church. In other words, the opposition of how the Catholic Church presents the teachings of the bible or the overall accuracy of the book itself.

Question 2

What is anticlericalism?

Answer 2

The opposition to the churches role in political and non-religious matters.

Question 3

What is the difference between heresy and anticlericalism?

Answer 3

Heresy is the disagreement of the teachings of the church and anticlericalism is all about the image of the church and how the popes and religious leaders are portrayed to Tudor society.

Question 4

What was Lollardy?

Answer 4

Lollardy was a movement which originated in the second half of the 14th century, founded by Yorkshireman John Wycliffe. They focused on the understanding of the bible and favoured the English translation.
This was considered heresy.

Question 5

What is the laity?

Answer 5

Those who were not priests or members of a religious order.

Question 6

How many people were involved in the Lollardy and heresy movement?

Answer 6

Not many, it was the clear minority.
However, support did seem to increase and was somewhat widespread by the end of the 14th century and start of 15th.
The support decreased however, after the failed Lollard uprising 9-10th January.

Question 7

The ‘Old castle revolt’. Wwwww

Answer 7

Who - Lollards v Catholic Church and Henry V
What - failed Lollard revolt which resulted in a massive decline of support for the lollard and heresy movement. It was crushed following a decisive battle lead by the king.
When - 9-10th January 1414
Where- St. Giles’ fields
Why - the Lollards disagreed with how the bible was presented. They focused on the translation of the bible and felt that the church was interpreting Gods words incorrectly.

Question 8

Who was John Badby?

Answer 8

He was a tailor in the West Midlands and was one of the earliest martyr Lollards. He disagreed with transubstantiation, claiming if it were true there would be ‘20,000 Gods in England’.
He was condemned for heresy and burned in a barrel at Smithfield 1410.

Question 9

What was the punishment for heresy and when was it introduced to English law?

Answer 9

The burning of heretics was introduced into English law in 1401.
When a heretic was accused, the king had to issue a warrant ordering the civil power ( such as the sheriffs) to burn them alive.
They were encouraged to recant, and some agreed, some did not.

Question 10

How many heretics were burnt?

Answer 10

Between 1401-1440, 16 were burned in England.

Question 11

What was a monastery?

Answer 11

Where the monks lived.
Very wealthy and was where all important decisions where made
Often located at the top of hills to separate from society

Question 12

What was the cloister in a monastery?

Answer 12

The room where decisions were made

Question 13

What was the refectory in a monastery?

Answer 13

Hospital room

Question 14

What was the scriptorium in a monastery?

Answer 14

The room where they ate all of their meals

Question 15

What was the order in a monastery?

Answer 15

Basically the different groups of monks that had different rules to follow
The main two groups were the benedictines (community focused) and the Franciscans (valued simplicity)
They both focused on non-liturgical worship

Question 16

Who were the Benedictine monks?

Answer 16

They were known as the black monks because they wore black habits (disliked white monks)
Seen as greedy, lazy and corrupt by taking taxes.
Viewed as not austere enough, such as affairs and having children
Community focused - Catholic Church

Question 17

Who were the Cistercian monks?

Answer 17

These were known as the white monks because they wore white habits (rivalled the black monks)
Known to be more strict with the rules and wanted to follow God through nature and simplicity
Not as many supporters, but 30 men walked in one day so they could continue
Protestants

Question 18

Who were the Carthusian monks?

Answer 18

Monks that originated in France, Grand Chartreuse

Question 19

Who were the Cluniac monks?

Answer 19

Monks that originated in France, Cluny

Question 20

What was the set of rules monks had to follow?

Answer 20

St Benedict’s rule
Included singing praises 8 times a day, 2 meals a day and that they had to wake and go to bed a certain times

Question 21

What were the seven sacraments? (MEP BACH)

Answer 21

• Marriage
• confirmation (confirming that you believe in God)
• Holy orders (becoming priests and cardinals etc)
• Anointing of the sick (Gods blessing and grace)
• Penance (confessing sins)
• Baptism
• Eucharist and transubstantiation

Question 22

What did they believe about grace?

Answer 22

It was given by God and was the pure state that a soul needed to get to heaven

Question 23

What did they believe about purgatory?

Answer 23

It was the middle of heaven and hell
Feared by many cos it’s still bad
Final purification and was seen as temporary punishment

Question 24

What was humanism?

Answer 24

The idea of learning for yourself and not just believing what you were told
Originated in the renaissance as a rediscovery of Greek and Latin texts

Question 25

Who was Erasmus?

Answer 25

He was a humanist that inspired many others
He was Dutch and wrote a handbook of his views on the church
He was highly criticised

Question 26

Who was Thomas Moore?

Answer 26

A lawyer and author who was chancellor to Henry VIII. He was a humanist
He published the book ‘Utopia’

Question 27

Who was John Colet?

Answer 27

A humanist who was heavily influenced by Erasmus’ findings of humanism
He saw the clergy as corrupt
He was a teacher and taught his views to classrooms. He was very influential

Question 28

What was the hierarchy of the churchmen? (Please can all…)

Answer 28

• Pope
• Cardinals
• Archbishops
• Bishops
• Priests
• Deacons
  Please Can All Boys Play Darts

Question 29

What was the pope’s role in the church?

Answer 29

He was the head of the Catholic Church
He appointed the archbishops and cardinals
Seen to be a direct line to Jesus
Based in the Vatican

Question 30

What was the cardinal’s role in the church?

Answer 30

Senior church men,
‘Papal conclave’ were a group of cardinals who appointed new pope
Studied scriptures

Question 31

What was the archbishops roles in the church?

Answer 31

There were two for England - York and Canterbury (C is more important)
Head of the Clergy
Coronated the king

Question 32

What was the Bishops roles in the church?

Answer 32

Regional leaders of the church
Attended parliament and were advisors to the king.
Oversaw the church

Question 33

What was the priests role in the church?

Answer 33

Primarily for the public.
Presided weddings and funerals
Were separated from society by a screen because they were seen as more important

Question 34

Hat was the deacons role in the church?

Answer 34

Basically assisted the priests
Sometimes invited to preach

Question 35

What does it mean about the church being the ‘body of God’?

Answer 35

The church represented the grandness of the Lord by being the only building in the community built of stone for example. It was very important to the people.
The parish churches themselves received gifts and were the center focus of the village, but got a lot of humanist criticism

Question 36

What could the church building be used for?

Answer 36

Celebrations, weddings, funerals, baptism. There was education at churches to allow others to become priests