Religion In Society Flashcards
What is heresy?
Heresy is the denial of the validity of the key doctrines of the church. In other words, the opposition of how the Catholic Church presents the teachings of the bible or the overall accuracy of the book itself.
What is anticlericalism?
The opposition to the churches role in political and non-religious matters.
What is the difference between heresy and anticlericalism?
Heresy is the disagreement of the teachings of the church and anticlericalism is all about the image of the church and how the popes and religious leaders are portrayed to Tudor society.
What was Lollardy?
Lollardy was a movement which originated in the second half of the 14th century, founded by Yorkshireman John Wycliffe. They focused on the understanding of the bible and favoured the English translation.
This was considered heresy.
What is the laity?
Those who were not priests or members of a religious order.
How many people were involved in the Lollardy and heresy movement?
Not many, it was the clear minority.
However, support did seem to increase and was somewhat widespread by the end of the 14th century and start of 15th.
The support decreased however, after the failed Lollard uprising 9-10th January.
The ‘Old castle revolt’. Wwwww
Who - Lollards v Catholic Church and Henry V
What - failed Lollard revolt which resulted in a massive decline of support for the lollard and heresy movement. It was crushed following a decisive battle lead by the king.
When - 9-10th January 1414
Where- St. Giles’ fields
Why - the Lollards disagreed with how the bible was presented. They focused on the translation of the bible and felt that the church was interpreting Gods words incorrectly.
Who was John Badby?
He was a tailor in the West Midlands and was one of the earliest martyr Lollards. He disagreed with transubstantiation, claiming if it were true there would be ‘20,000 Gods in England’.
He was condemned for heresy and burned in a barrel at Smithfield 1410.
What was the punishment for heresy and when was it introduced to English law?
The burning of heretics was introduced into English law in 1401.
When a heretic was accused, the king had to issue a warrant ordering the civil power ( such as the sheriffs) to burn them alive.
They were encouraged to recant, and some agreed, some did not.
How many heretics were burnt?
Between 1401-1440, 16 were burned in England.
What was a monastery?
Where the monks lived.
Very wealthy and was where all important decisions where made
Often located at the top of hills to separate from society
What was the cloister in a monastery?
The room where decisions were made
What was the refectory in a monastery?
Hospital room
What was the scriptorium in a monastery?
The room where they ate all of their meals
What was the order in a monastery?
Basically the different groups of monks that had different rules to follow
The main two groups were the benedictines (community focused) and the Franciscans (valued simplicity)
They both focused on non-liturgical worship
Who were the Benedictine monks?
They were known as the black monks because they wore black habits (disliked white monks)
Seen as greedy, lazy and corrupt by taking taxes.
Viewed as not austere enough, such as affairs and having children
Community focused - Catholic Church
Who were the Cistercian monks?
These were known as the white monks because they wore white habits (rivalled the black monks)
Known to be more strict with the rules and wanted to follow God through nature and simplicity
Not as many supporters, but 30 men walked in one day so they could continue
Protestants
Who were the Carthusian monks?
Monks that originated in France, Grand Chartreuse
Who were the Cluniac monks?
Monks that originated in France, Cluny
What was the set of rules monks had to follow?
St Benedict’s rule
Included singing praises 8 times a day, 2 meals a day and that they had to wake and go to bed a certain times
What were the seven sacraments? (MEP BACH)
- Marriage
- confirmation (confirming that you believe in God)
- Holy orders (becoming priests and cardinals etc)
- Anointing of the sick (Gods blessing and grace)
- Penance (confessing sins)
- Baptism
- Eucharist and transubstantiation
What did they believe about grace?
It was given by God and was the pure state that a soul needed to get to heaven
What did they believe about purgatory?
It was the middle of heaven and hell
Feared by many cos it’s still bad
Final purification and was seen as temporary punishment
What was humanism?
The idea of learning for yourself and not just believing what you were told
Originated in the renaissance as a rediscovery of Greek and Latin texts
