Henry Vii Government

Question 1

What was the royal court?

Answer 1

Centre of government since medieval times.
Valued magnificence and wealth.
Followed the king around

Question 2

What were the three positions in the royal court?

Answer 2

Household, chamber and privy chamber

Question 3

What was the role of the household in the royal courts?

Answer 3

Maids and waiters, watched over by Lord Steward. Looked after kings and guests

Question 4

What was the role of the Chamber in the Royal Court?

Answer 4

Political matters. Led by Lord Chamberlain (was William Stanley before 1495)

Question 5

What was the Privy chamber?

Answer 5

A new room added after the betrayal of William Stanley 1495. More private, more difficult to regain kings trust and get close to him as it is more private

Question 6

How many advisors did Henry VII have throughout his reign?

Answer 6

227

Question 7

How many advisors would typically be in his ‘working council’?

Answer 7

6-7

Question 8

What were the three functions of the royal council?

Answer 8

Advise king, administer realm, legal judgments

Question 9

What were the three types of councillors in the royal council?

Answer 9

Nobility, churchmen and gentry/lawyers

Question 10

Who was Reginald Bray?

Answer 10

A key councillor for Henry from a young age. Not nobility

Question 11

Who was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1486?

Answer 11

John Morton

Question 12

How did the Royal Council work?

Answer 12

No clear rules. Permanent body with different groups for different areas

Question 13

Who was lady Margaret Beaufort?

Answer 13

Henry VII mum. Not on council but highly influencial

Question 14

What was the council Learned in the Law?

Answer 14

Main offshoot of the council, developed from the second half of Henry VII reign.
Focused on kings ‘rights’ to revenue, making bonds and recognisances to trap the nobility.
Shady, extracted lots of money

Question 15

Who was in the council Learned of the Law?

Answer 15

Started under Reginald Bray. Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley

Question 16

What were the 2 houses in Parliament?

Answer 16

House of Commons and Lords
Not central in government and only met occasionally

Question 17

What were the two main functions of parliament?

Answer 17

Pass laws, grant taxation

Question 18

How many times did Henry VII call Parliament?

Answer 18

7. Only he had the power to do this and called one early to assert power

Question 19

How did Henry VII use Parliaments?

Answer 19

Passed lots of Acts of Attainder, lots of money for wars

Question 20

What was ‘fifteenths and tenths”?

Answer 20

Main use of tax where u pay 10 or 15 % of what your earn. Paid by towns and boroughs

Question 21

What was the Justices of the peace?

Answer 21

Keep law and order in regional/local areas.
Used to be mainly nobility but king doesn’t trust them so mainly royal officials or local gentry.
Unpaid

Question 22

In what 5 ways did Henry VII increase Justice of the peace power in his reign?

Answer 22

• tax assessments. T
• ale house regulations. A
• complaints against local officials. C
• maintaining law and order l
• more important than country sheriff s
  CALTS

Question 23

How many times a year would the Justice of the peace meet to administer justice?

Answer 23

4

Question 24

What was ordinary revenue?

Answer 24

Regular money that can be ‘relied’ on.

Question 25

What was Extraordinary revenue?

Answer 25

One-off payments

Question 26

What were crown lands?

Answer 26

Henry inherited huge amounts of lands and increased them with attainders . Huge tax income.
Developed further by Reginald Bray
Used as a threat

Question 27

What was the Act of Resumption?

Answer 27

Act in 1486 for king to claim all crown lands given away in War of roses.

Question 28

What were Feudal dues?

Answer 28

Traditional rights of the king. He could ask money for duties from his people.
Henry was ruthless, asked for more payments than previous kings

Question 29

What are the 4 main payments of feudal dues?

Answer 29

Relief - payed by heir when inherit land
Marriage - daughter of noble family marry
Warship - king managed lands of underage heirs
Livery - paid by ward when take control of land

Question 30

What were the names of imports and exports?

Answer 30

Tunnage (ex) and poundage (in)

Question 31

What were the main sales of Customs Duties?

Answer 31

Wool, wine and leather

Question 32

What were customs duties?

Answer 32

Paid on all goods that enter and leave. Same methods as Edward iv it added certificates for coastal trade and updated ‘book of rates’

Question 33

What’s were legal dues?

Answer 33

Money from fines from appearing in king’s courts. Henry used fines more Han any previous king

Question 34

Who organised the Bonds and recognizes?

Answer 34

Council leaned in Law

Question 35

What were the large one off payments of Feudal dues?

Answer 35

Knighting of son and marriage of daughter

Question 36

What were clerical taxes?

Answer 36

Special taxes on the church. Clergy didn’t usually pay taxes. Highlighted as a ‘gift’.

Question 37

What was ‘simony’?

Answer 37

What the king used to appoint churchmen and sell jobs to make money

Question 38

Where did Parliamentary taxes go to?

Answer 38

Finance royal policy such as military

Question 39

What was Henry’s approach to parliamentary taxation?

Answer 39

Tried to avoid it. Tried a direct tax but hated and abandoned.
Hated because led to two rebellions