Religion In A Global Context

Question 1

Religious fundamentalism

Answer 1

Look back at the past, seek a return to basics/ fundamentals of their faith

Question 2

Characteristics

Answer 2

Authoritative scared text, true and valid
Us and them mentality- separate from rest of world
Aggressive reaction to threat
Use of modern technology to achieve aims
Patriarchy- seek to control women/ sexuality
Conspiracy theories- powerful and hidden evil forces are in control

Question 3

Fundamentalism and modernity

Answer 3

Arises when traditional belief feel threatened by modernity
Davie- fundamentalists are a product of modernity
Cosmopolitanism- a way of tuning that embraces modernity and is tolerant. Lifestyle is not dictated by an external religious authority

Question 4

Criticisms of fundamentalism and modernity

Answer 4

Ignores other ways globalisation and modernity affect religion
Lumps all types of fundamentalism together

Question 5

Monotheism and fundamentalism

Answer 5

Bruce
Main cuts e is that globalisation threats beliefs.
However, they are confined to monotheistic religions. Hinduism less likely to produce it

Question 6

Two fundamentalisms

Answer 6

Different origins
West- reaction to change toward diveristy and choice eg NCR

Third world- reaction to changes being thrust on society from outside - eg western states imposing capitalism.

Question 7

Secular fundamentalism

Answer 7

2 phases of modernity
1st phase- 18th century enlightenment - 1960s
Based on science and human reason undermining religion
2nd phase caused by insecurity and uncertainty caused by changes eg globalisation. Postmodernism etc

Davie- both can become fundamentalist due to uncertainties of modern world

Question 8

Clash of civilisations

Answer 8

Religion has been a cause of conflict
Eg 9/11
7 civilisations- eg western, Latin American. - major source of identity. Creates us and them mentality causing growing conflict

Question 9

Real clash of civilisations

Answer 9

Between the western world and Muslim world- sexuality
Differences in attitude

Question 10

Cultural Defence

Answer 10

Bruce- religion unites communities against external threats eg Poland and Iran

Question 11

Religion and development

Answer 11

Religion can contribute to development- eg Calvinism and modern capitalism

God and globalisation - India- globalisation - rapid economic growth in India, rising middle class/
Hinduism- educated Indians are more religious than less literate.

Question 12

Pentecostalism

Answer 12

Berger
Encouraged development of capitalism.
Demands self discipline and hard work, causing members to proper.
Pentecostalism- necessary to promote economic growth