Idealogy And Science

Question 1

Science as a belief system

Answer 1

Enables us to explain predict and control the world.

Question 2

Science as an open belief system

Answer 2

Open to criticism and testing
Falsification.
Never absolute truth, can always be proven wrong.

Question 3

CUDOS

Answer 3

Merton- science has an organised set of norms that promote the growth of knowledge
Communism- knowledge must be shared with community
Universalism - judged by a universal criteria
Disinterestednesd - knowledge for its own sake
Organic scepticism - open to criticism and testing

Question 4

Closed belief systems

Answer 4

Knowledge cannot be overturned
“Get out clauses” that prevent it from being proven wrong

Question 5

Science as a closed system

Answer 5

Paradigms - methods, problems and equipment
Scientists who challenge paradigm are likely to be ridiculed

Question 6

Sociology of scientific knowledge

Answer 6

What scientists study in the lab is constructed and highly removed from the natural world. A scientific fact is simply a shared , socially constructed belief.

Question 7

Marxist, feminism and postmodernism

Answer 7

Marxists - Science serves the internet’s of dominant groups
Feminists - science serves men,
Postmodernists - rejects sciences claim to have the truth

Question 8

Ideology -

Answer 8

belief or set of ideas

Question 9

Marxism and ideology

Answer 9

Capitalist class exploits workers to produce profit
Overthrow capitalism and create classless community
However, must be aware- class consciousness
Ruling class hegemony prevents class consciousness by legitimating capitalism
The working class will eventually overthrow through a group of organic intellectuals

Question 10

Nationalism

Answer 10

Nations are real communities with characteristics. Nationalism can bind millions together and create a sense of common purpose
Marxism- see it as a false consciousness, prevents overthrow of capitalism
Functionalist - integrates everyone into a single community
Gellner - key feature of modernity. Uses education to impose a national culture making communication and economic cooperation possible.

Question 11

Feminism and ideology

Answer 11

Gender inequality fundamental division in society, ideology plays a key role in legitimating it

Patriarchal ideology justifies excluding so,en fro, education.
Religion.