Religion, Humanism, Arts And Learning Flashcards
How many parish churches were there?
Over 8000
What did the Church offer? What did its guilds and confraternities offer?
Popular entertainment, festivals. Their guilds and confraternities offered charity, fellowship and the chance to do good for the community.
How did the Church help maintain the elites’ control?
Encouragement of good behaviour and obedience
Why was the Church significant politically?
It provided international relations and was involved in domestic matters
What did the Pope seek through Thomas Morton in order to marry Henry and the Elizabeth of York?
A dispensation
What was the relationship between the Church and State during Henry’s reign?
Erastian (State has authority over the Church)
Which 2 provinces did an archbishop have jurisdiction over?
Canterbury and York
What did a bishop have control over? How many of these were there?
Dioceses, of which there was 17
Which office of State was especially monopolised by clergymen?
The chancellor (highest adviser to the king)
Who shared membership of the House of Lords with the bishops?
Abbots, heads of the wealthiest religious families
How did an individual acquiring grace help them reach heaven quicker?
Minimising the time of the soul being in purgatory
What were the seven sacraments to reach heaven?
-Baptism
-Confirmation, transition from childhood to adulthood
-Marriage
Anointing of the sick
-Penance
-Holy Orders, process of priest being empowered to deliver sacraments
-Eucharist
What was the Eucharist?
Church members receive wine and bread to represent Christ’s blood and body to be nourished and get closer to God
What was the central religious experience of the Catholic Church?
Mass
What was the process called where the bread and wine literally transformed into the body and blood of Christ?
Transubstantiation
Who only took the bread in Mass?
Lay members
For what reason was Mass important?
-Sacred ritual for the whole community
What was the most important festival where the bread was important?
Corpus Christi
What 4 things did the dying leaving money to the parish church do?
- Enhance beauty of worship
- Ensure remembrance of benefactor
- Reduce time benefactor spends in purgatory
- Foundation of the chantries
What were confraternities?
Groups of men who paid for funeral costs of members, maintain church fabric and donations for the parish church
What did some wealthy guilds do?
Run schools, almshouses, maintain bridges and roads
What did a pilgrimage do?
Help an individual gain relief from purgatory
What happened on Rogation Sunday?
The whole community would carry banners to ward off evil spirits
What percentage of adult males in England in 1500 were monks, living in monasteries?
1%
What were the oldest and most common religious order called?
The Benedictines
Where was one of the largest Benedictine houses?
Durham
Where in society did a large amount of monks come from?
Wealthy parts
What were the 3 main orders of friars?
- The Dominicans
- The Franciscans
- The Augustinians
Were the women of the nunneries suitable for marriage?
No
Why did the nunneries have less prestige than monasteries?
Because they were mostly populated by women, instead of men
Why did Lollards want the Bible to be translated to English?
To understand the Bible
In what 3 ways were the Lollards sceptical of the Catholic Church?
- Transubstantiation
- Principles of the Eucharist
- Corruption of the Catholic Church
What were Lollard views considered to southern parts of England?
Heresy
What were Humanists?
Believers in the Catholic Church, and the notion of free will
Who were 2 of the earliest humanist scholars in England?
William Grocyn and Thomas Linacre
Who was John Colet?
An influential humanist educator
What did Desiderius Erasmus help John Colet with?
Using humanist approaches to reform the Church from within
What did ‘song schools’ and ‘reading schools’ provide?
Elementary education
How many grammar schools were founded between 1460 and 1509?
53
What would secondary schools be called during Henry’s reign?
Grammar schools
What was central to the grammar school curriculum?
The study of Latin
Where did university education take place?
Oxford and Cambridge
Who benefited the University of Cambridge and founded Christ’s College and St John’s College?
Lady Margaret Beaufort
Where did plays take place?
Church-ale festivals
When did the most famous dramas take place?
The feasts of the Corpus Christi, to send straightforward religious messages
When did music entertain crowds?
Saints’ days
Who were the 2 most important composers in the Choirbook?
Thomas Browne and Robert Fayrfax
Where was music performed?
Homes of the wealthy or a special occasion
In which year did Henry approve the gothic perpendicular style for the Lady Chapel at Westminster Abbey?
1502
