Economic Development Flashcards
What was the population of England at the beginning of the 15th Century?
2.2 million
How much of the English population were urban dwellers?
10%
Where did urban dwellers live?
Towns
What was the population of London?
50,000
Which provincial town had a population exceeding 10,000?
Norwich
Which 3 provincial towns had a population between 8,000 and 10,000 people?
Bristol, York and Coventry
Why did sheep farming become more profitable than crop farming in the 1480s and 1490s? (3 reasons)
- Increased demand for wool
- Population growth
- Trade overseas developed
What was the most common form of farming in the lowland zone?
Mixed farming
Where did pastoral farming dominate?
Woodland areas
What was open-field husbandry and where did it mostly take place?
Tenants farmed strips of land in open fields in the lowland areas
What was the consequence of improved production and profitability on peasants?
Lost their access to land and common rights (legal right of tenants to use common land), left destitute.
What percentage of English exports was the cloth trade responsible for?
90%
Which organisation was responsible for the trade exports of clothing the earlier part of the century?
Merchants of the Staple
How did finished cloth dominating the market increase job opportunities?
Industry offered popular for rural employment
Where was the cloth industry prosperous?
West Riding of Yorkshire, East Anglia, parts of West Country
Which organisation exported the increasing amount of finished cloth?
The Merchant Adventurers
Where was the commercial axis in England for exports?
Antwerp
Why could the Merchant Adventurers not dominate trade completely?
The trading privileges that the Hanseatic League had that were reasserted in 1474 and again in 1504
Where was tin mined?
Cornwall
What was mined in upland areas?
Lead
What was mined in Durham and Northumberland?
Coal
Which countries did England have a small export trade for coal made with?
Germany and the Netherlands
Where was iron mined and smelted?
The Weald of Sussex and Kent
What was developed in 1486 that enabled greater production?
Basic pumping technology
