England’s Relations With Foreign Powers

Question 1

What were his 3 aims in foreign policy?

Answer 1

• National security
• Recognition of the Tudor dynasty
• Defence of English trading interests

Question 2

Why did Henry summon Parliament in 1489 to grant him extraordinary revenue to raise an army against the French?

Answer 2

His sense of obligation to Bretons and that France’s direct control of Brittany could be a further potential threat to England

Question 3

What was the treaty called between England and Brittany in February 1489?

Answer 3

Treaty of Redon

Question 4

What did the Treaty of Redon do for England?

Answer 4

That they would get a payment from Duchess Anne, in order to give Brittany a small English army to protect them from French threat

Question 5

Why did Henry try to make an alliance with the Holy Roman Emporer-elect, Maximilian?

Answer 5

Due to Maximilian having contracted a marriage by proxy with Duchess Anne of Brittany, due to his desire for Brittany to not go into French hands

Question 6

Who did Duchess Anne marry reluctantly, due to fearing French threat?

Answer 6

Charles VIII of France

Question 7

In which year did Henry launch an invasion of France that quickly resulted in a peace settlement?

Answer 7

1492

Question 8

What did Charles VIII agree to do in the Treaty of Etaples?

Answer 8

Withdraw support for Perkin Warbeck and pay a French pension to compensate for Henry raisin an army

Question 9

When was the Treaty of Etaples established?

Answer 9

November 1492

Question 10

Why was a trading relationship with Burgundy very complicated to establish?

Answer 10

Margaret of Burgundy as she supported the Yorkist cause

Question 11

When did Maximilian become the Holy Roman Emporer?

Answer 11

1493

Question 12

Why did the relationship between England and Burgundy detoriate? What did Henry do to ease the matter?

Answer 12

Maximilian and Philip, his son, offered hospitality to Perkin Warbeck. To ease the matter, Henry put an embargo on trade

Question 13

What was the agreement called in 1496 which brought the trade embargo with Burgundy to end?

Answer 13

Intercursus Magnus

Question 14

Why did Anglo-Burgundian relations become central to Henry’s foreign policy in 1504?

Answer 14

The death of Isabella, Queen of Castile

Question 15

What was an outcome of the Treaty of Windsor? Why did this not get enforced?

Answer 15

Intecursus Malus, it didn’t get enforced due to it making England have a stronger trading position

Question 16

Who did Philip and Maximilian give to Henry as a result of the Treaty of Windsor?

Answer 16

Earl of Suffolk

Question 17

How did the Treaty of Medina del Campo (1489) help with Henry’s foreign policy? (3 ways)

Answer 17

• Spain and England would offer mutual protection
• Agreed not to harbour rebels
• Marriage alliance Arthur, Henry’s son, and Catherine, Princess of Aragon

Question 18

What were 3 problems with the Treaty of Medina del Campo?

Answer 18

• Arrangements for royal marriage weren’t smooth
• Ferdinand was reluctant about the marriage
• The monarchs argued over Catherine’s dowry

Question 19

When did the marriage of Arthur and Catherine of Aragon take place?

Answer 19

1501

Question 20

I’m what 3 ways did Arthur’s death complicate relations with Ferdinand?

Answer 20

• Ferdinand was reluctant for Catherine of Aragon to marry Henry’s son, Henry, as he didn’t need the English alliance
• In 1504, Henry lost interest as Isabella, Ferdinand’s wife, had died. Henry only supported Juana, Catherine’s sister when she married Ferdinand
• Juana and her husband, Philip of Burgundy, set sail for Spain but ship wrecked at England in January 1506

Question 21

In what 4 ways did Henry secure a stronger relationship with Juana and her husband Philip of Burgundy in the Treaty of Windsor (1506)?

Answer 21

• Intercursus Malus
• The return of the Earl of Suffolk
• Proposed marriage alliance between himself and Philip’s sister, Archduchess Margaret (never happened)
• Henry’s recognition of Juana and Philip as rulers of Castile

Question 22

How did Philip of Burgundy’s death threaten Henry? (4 ways)

Answer 22

• Juana was described to have gone mad by her father, Ferdinand
• Ferdinand could become regent of Castile
• Henry was diplomatically isolated
• Ferdinand made sure marriage of Prince Henry and Catherine of Aragon wouldn’t take place while Henry VII was alive

Question 23

In which year did King James IV of Scotland offer hospitality to Perkin Warbeck?

Answer 23

1495

Question 24

In which year did King James IV encourage Warbeck to cross the border with an army?

Answer 24

1496

Question 25

What did the attempt of invasion from Scotland result in Henry doing?

Answer 25

Raising a larger army to invade Scotland

Question 26

Why did the invasion of England from Scotland not work?

Answer 26

No support from people in Northumberland

Question 27

What was a repercussion of Henry raising an army to invade Scotland?

Answer 27

The Cornish Rebellion (1497), caused by taxation

Question 28

Where did England and Scotland establish a truce in 1497?

Answer 28

Ayton

Question 29

When was Perkin Warbeck executed?

Answer 29

1499

Question 30

When did the Treaty of Perpetual Peace take place and which country did it happen with?

Answer 30

1503 with Scotland

Question 31

Who would marry due to The Treaty of Perpetual Peace?

Answer 31

James IV and Princess Margaret

Question 32

Which area of land did Henry VII control in Ireland?

Answer 32

The ‘Pale’, which surrounded Dublin

Question 33

Why did Henry fear the Lord Deputy of Ireland, the Earl of Kildare?

Answer 33

Because he had Yorkist sympathies

Question 34

Who did Kildare crown as the King of Ireland in 1486?

Answer 34

Lambert Simnel

Question 35

When did the Earl of Kildare support Perkin Warbeck?

Answer 35

1491

Question 36

In what 2 ways did Henry take action against the Earl of Kildare?

Answer 36

• Henry ruled the ‘Pale’ through an armed force

- He appointed Prince Henry as Lieutenant of Ireland and Sir Edward Poynings as his deputy

Question 37

What did the Poynings Law of 1495 mean Irish Parliament couldn’t do?

Answer 37

Pass a law without the approval of the English Crown

Question 38

In which year did Kildare start to serve Henry loyally after not supporting the Yorkist cause?

Answer 38

1496