England’s Relations With Foreign Powers Flashcards
What were his 3 aims in foreign policy?
- National security
- Recognition of the Tudor dynasty
- Defence of English trading interests
Why did Henry summon Parliament in 1489 to grant him extraordinary revenue to raise an army against the French?
His sense of obligation to Bretons and that France’s direct control of Brittany could be a further potential threat to England
What was the treaty called between England and Brittany in February 1489?
Treaty of Redon
What did the Treaty of Redon do for England?
That they would get a payment from Duchess Anne, in order to give Brittany a small English army to protect them from French threat
Why did Henry try to make an alliance with the Holy Roman Emporer-elect, Maximilian?
Due to Maximilian having contracted a marriage by proxy with Duchess Anne of Brittany, due to his desire for Brittany to not go into French hands
Who did Duchess Anne marry reluctantly, due to fearing French threat?
Charles VIII of France
In which year did Henry launch an invasion of France that quickly resulted in a peace settlement?
1492
What did Charles VIII agree to do in the Treaty of Etaples?
Withdraw support for Perkin Warbeck and pay a French pension to compensate for Henry raisin an army
When was the Treaty of Etaples established?
November 1492
Why was a trading relationship with Burgundy very complicated to establish?
Margaret of Burgundy as she supported the Yorkist cause
When did Maximilian become the Holy Roman Emporer?
1493
Why did the relationship between England and Burgundy detoriate? What did Henry do to ease the matter?
Maximilian and Philip, his son, offered hospitality to Perkin Warbeck. To ease the matter, Henry put an embargo on trade
What was the agreement called in 1496 which brought the trade embargo with Burgundy to end?
Intercursus Magnus
Why did Anglo-Burgundian relations become central to Henry’s foreign policy in 1504?
The death of Isabella, Queen of Castile
What was an outcome of the Treaty of Windsor? Why did this not get enforced?
Intecursus Malus, it didn’t get enforced due to it making England have a stronger trading position
Who did Philip and Maximilian give to Henry as a result of the Treaty of Windsor?
Earl of Suffolk
How did the Treaty of Medina del Campo (1489) help with Henry’s foreign policy? (3 ways)
- Spain and England would offer mutual protection
- Agreed not to harbour rebels
- Marriage alliance Arthur, Henry’s son, and Catherine, Princess of Aragon
What were 3 problems with the Treaty of Medina del Campo?
- Arrangements for royal marriage weren’t smooth
- Ferdinand was reluctant about the marriage
- The monarchs argued over Catherine’s dowry
When did the marriage of Arthur and Catherine of Aragon take place?
1501
I’m what 3 ways did Arthur’s death complicate relations with Ferdinand?
- Ferdinand was reluctant for Catherine of Aragon to marry Henry’s son, Henry, as he didn’t need the English alliance
- In 1504, Henry lost interest as Isabella, Ferdinand’s wife, had died. Henry only supported Juana, Catherine’s sister when she married Ferdinand
- Juana and her husband, Philip of Burgundy, set sail for Spain but ship wrecked at England in January 1506
In what 4 ways did Henry secure a stronger relationship with Juana and her husband Philip of Burgundy in the Treaty of Windsor (1506)?
- Intercursus Malus
- The return of the Earl of Suffolk
- Proposed marriage alliance between himself and Philip’s sister, Archduchess Margaret (never happened)
- Henry’s recognition of Juana and Philip as rulers of Castile
How did Philip of Burgundy’s death threaten Henry? (4 ways)
- Juana was described to have gone mad by her father, Ferdinand
- Ferdinand could become regent of Castile
- Henry was diplomatically isolated
- Ferdinand made sure marriage of Prince Henry and Catherine of Aragon wouldn’t take place while Henry VII was alive
In which year did King James IV of Scotland offer hospitality to Perkin Warbeck?
1495
In which year did King James IV encourage Warbeck to cross the border with an army?
1496
What did the attempt of invasion from Scotland result in Henry doing?
Raising a larger army to invade Scotland
Why did the invasion of England from Scotland not work?
No support from people in Northumberland
What was a repercussion of Henry raising an army to invade Scotland?
The Cornish Rebellion (1497), caused by taxation
Where did England and Scotland establish a truce in 1497?
Ayton
When was Perkin Warbeck executed?
1499
When did the Treaty of Perpetual Peace take place and which country did it happen with?
1503 with Scotland
Who would marry due to The Treaty of Perpetual Peace?
James IV and Princess Margaret
Which area of land did Henry VII control in Ireland?
The ‘Pale’, which surrounded Dublin
Why did Henry fear the Lord Deputy of Ireland, the Earl of Kildare?
Because he had Yorkist sympathies
Who did Kildare crown as the King of Ireland in 1486?
Lambert Simnel
When did the Earl of Kildare support Perkin Warbeck?
1491
In what 2 ways did Henry take action against the Earl of Kildare?
- Henry ruled the ‘Pale’ through an armed force
- He appointed Prince Henry as Lieutenant of Ireland and Sir Edward Poynings as his deputy
What did the Poynings Law of 1495 mean Irish Parliament couldn’t do?
Pass a law without the approval of the English Crown
In which year did Kildare start to serve Henry loyally after not supporting the Yorkist cause?
1496
