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Religion And Life Flashcards

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1
Q

Big Bang Theory?

A

Is a description of how scientists believe the universe began about 29 billion years ago.

There was nothing f and then there was a huge explosion,

The explosion made a cloud of dust and gas,

Charles Darwin cane up with the theory of evolution in the book, “Origin Of The Species”.

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2
Q

Christians Believe What Starter The Earth?

A

Creation - that God created the world in 7 days as told in Genesis,

On the first day, God said “let there be light”,

However, other Christians believe that the 7 day creation story is just symbolic and actually God created the Big Bang evolution,

Darwin himself believed God was behind the evolution.

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3
Q

Stewardship?

A

We are here to look after the world,

Gives us a purpose,

Told in Genesis 3, in the story of Adam and Eve.

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4
Q

Science And Religion Gives Us?

A

Religion gives us a reason. To be here,

World is too perfectly designed to have been an accident or by chance,

Science only tells us how we are here.

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5
Q

Atheists?

A

People who don’t believe in any religion.

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6
Q

Awe And Wonder?

A

A feeling of respect and amazement at the world around you,

Christians believe this comes from Gods creation.

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7
Q

Dominion?

A

Some Christians believe in this,

We have control over animals and the Earth.

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8
Q

Possible Global Problems?

A

Pollution,

Deforestation,

Global warming,

Abuse of natural resources.

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9
Q

How Christians Are Good Stewards?

A

Recycling,

Using rebatable resources,

Using electric cars.

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10
Q

Buddhism Opinion Towards The Environment?

A

There are karmic consequences to all actions (illustrated by the Tibetan Wheel Of Life),

Much of the environmental issues come from 2 or the 3 poisons -Ignorance and Greed,

This keeps them from enlightenment.

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11
Q

Quote On Environment - Buddhist?

A

”Conservation is not only a question of mortality but a question of our own survival” - Dalia Lama.

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12
Q

Christian Views Toward Environment?

A

God made the world and gave the duty of stewardship to humans (Genesis),

The east is the lords, and everything in it (Psalms 23:1),

Many Christians are motivated to do environmental work in preparation for judgement day (go to heaven).

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13
Q

Animal Rights?

A

Religious believers think that animals are part of Gods creation,

All life, including that of animals, is sacred (this is called sanctity of life),

Other religious believers think they were given dominion over animals, so we can make use of them for food, clothing and as working animals. However, animals should always be treated with respect and kindness.

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14
Q

Why Animals Are Used For Experiments?

A

Helps develop research into medicine,

We can use human tissue so there is not need for this.

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15
Q

Animals Used For Food?

A

Natural or unnecessary?

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16
Q

Buddhism Beliefs Towards Animal Rights?

A

The first Moral Precepts is not to harm life (ahimsa),

Most Buddhists are vegetarians,

Our actions have karmic consequences,

Karuna - compassions for all life.

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17
Q

Christian Beliefs Towards Animal Rights?

A

Do not eat red meat on Fridays out of respect for Jesus’ sacrifice (crucifixion),

We have been given dominion over animals so can use them however we like,

The Earth is the Lord’s, and everything in it (Psalms 23:1).

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18
Q

When Might Life Begin?

A

Conception (when the sperm meets the egg),

Heart beat,

Birth.

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19
Q

Law On Abortion?

A

Has to be before the 24th week,

Has to be approved by two doctors and carried out in a hospital,

Only allows abortion for the following reasons:

  • Foetus’ life at risk,
  • Mothers life at risk,
  • Negative impact of existing children.
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20
Q

Pro life?

A

Non-religious campaigns movement which believed that the foetus has a right to life,

However, most religious would back pro-life do linked with Christianity usually.

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21
Q

Pro Choice?

A

Non-religious campaign movement which believes that the mother had the right to decide.

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22
Q

Buddhism Beliefs Towards Abortion?

A

The first precept is to help not harm life - even unborn life,

Karuna - compassion - this could be for the mother too,

Intention over action - might be the right intention.

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23
Q

Christian Beliefs Towards Abortion?

A

Do not kill (10 commandments),

“I, your God, give life, and I take it away (Old Testament)”,

The Catholic Church beloved life should be respected form conception until natural death,

Some Christians view abortion as a necessary evil, sometimes it is necessary (even if it’s wrong), e.g. woman’s life is at risk.

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24
Q

Euthanasia?

A

Mercy killing,

It is illegal in the UK because it can be seen as assistant suicide,

However, it is allowed in some countries like Switzerland,

People go to a place called Dignitas to get them.

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25
Q

Voluntary Euthanasia?

A

When the person who is suffering asks for euthanasia to end their suffering (active euthanasia).

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26
Q

Non-Voluntary Euthanasia?

A

This could be turning off life support,

Passive euthanasia.

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27
Q

Involuntary Euthanasia?

A

Killing people without their consent,

E.g. murder.

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28
Q

Hospices?

A

Alternative to Euthanasia within the UK,

They look after and care for people up until their death,

St Ann is an example of a hospice.

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29
Q

Buddhism Beliefs Towards Euthanasia?

A

The first precept is to help not harm others,

Karuna - compassion,

Many Buddhist would point to the belief that suffering has come as a Indic consequence,

Helping to stop someone’s suffering may create good karma,

They believe in intention over action.

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30
Q

Christian Beliefs Towards Euthanasia?

A

Do not kill (10 commandments),

“I, your God, give life, and I take it away (Old Testament)”,

The Catholic Church believes life should be respected from conception until natural death”,

Sanctity of life - all life is sacred.

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31
Q

Sanctity Of Life?

A

All life is scared,

Christian belief.

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32
Q

Quality Of Life?

A

The standard of health, comfort and happiness experienced by a person.

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33
Q

Christians Beliefs On Life After Death?

A

Believe in judgment day,

This is where God and Jesus decide who shall go to heaven (eternal paradise with God) and hell (eternal separation from God),

Some Christians believe this happens straight away when a person dies (individual judgment),

Others believe that it will be a particular day in time when everyone is redirected,

Told in the parole of the sheep and goats.

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34
Q

Buddhism Beliefs On Life After Death?

A

Buddhist believe that you are reborn many times within your life,

This is not your soul as your soul is not permanent (anatta),

Your karmic energy is reborn, so if you had good karma in a previous life, then you will be reborn into a good next time,

They move through the cycle of samsara (life and death), this is referred to in the Tibetan Wheel Of Life,

You only break here from suffering on earth when you go to nirvana,

Your karma will determine your next life.

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35
Q

Reconciliation?

A

Reconciliation is the idea of bringing sides together to help resolve issues so people can live in peace,

It is restoring friendly relations,

This concept comes up in Christianity as Christians wish to restore their relationship with God.

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36
Q

Forgiveness?

A

Is a theme that runs through all religions and is taught by religious texts and leaders past and present,

Religions condemn suffering cause by human action,

Religions believe in forgiveness whenever someone repents,

Repentance is being truly sorry for what you have done/your sins,

Jesus taught us to - “forgive your brother 70x7 times” and Buddhists believe forgiveness demonstrates good karma and right action (part of the eightfold path).

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37
Q

Christian Beliefs On Forgiveness?

A

Forgive your brother 70x7 times (Jesus),

Love your enemies and pray for them (Jesus),

Agape,

Parable of the lost son.

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38
Q

Agape?

A

A word meaning love found in the bible.

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39
Q

Parable Of The Lost Son?

A

Christian parable,

A mans youngest son goes off and spends all of his inheritance and ends up in poverty,

The father welcomed his son back with open arms and forgives him - this is what God would do,

Christianity is all about forgiveness.

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40
Q

Buddhism Beliefs On Forgiveness?

A

Buddha suggest that anger is “like holding a hot coal - intending to throw it at someone - but you are the one who gets burned”,

Hatred is one of the three poisons which Buddhist avoids to reach enlightenment,

Hatred does not cease by hatred, hatred ceases by love (Dhammpada),

Right action is part of the eightfold path and this links to forgiveness - as it is the right thing to do for Buddhists.

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41
Q

Buddhist Beliefs On Terrorism?

A

Against violence as they are pacifists,

First Moral Precept, do not harm life (ahimsa),

Show metta towards people, this is loving kindness,

All religions are shading terrorism.

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42
Q

Christian Beliefs On Terrorism?

A

“Blessed are the peacemakers” - Jesus,

Told to love their enemies and pray for them,

Violence protests may only be used for the common good (e.g. to oppose something that is not fair),

Dietrich Bonhoeffer (German Christian) went against jilted to support the Jewish community and actually planet to get hitler assassinated. He said it’s better to do something than nothing in the face of evil,

“Those who live by the sword, die by the sword”.

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43
Q

Terrorism Is?

A

An act of violence which is intended to create fear,

They might do it to:

  • Fight for God or to defend their religion,
  • Fight poverty,
  • Fighting because their wishes will not be heard any other way.
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44
Q

Reasons For War?

A

To gain land,

Greed,

Politics,

Self defence,

Religion.

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45
Q

Discuss How Religion Causes War?

A

Yes - it brings conflict to countries were people’s religious beliefs are different,

Different interpretations of sacred texts causes conflict too,

No - it is how people interpret religious teachings, e.g. “eye for an eye” and “love thy neighbour”,

Cannot cause anything in itself and humans are the ones who cause the violence and war.

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46
Q

Christina’s War Quotes?

A

“Those who live by the sword, die by the sword” - Jesus,

“Love your enemies and pray for them” - Jesus,

Sometimes they believe in the Just War.

47
Q

Buddhism Beliefs On War?

A

Buddhist are pacifists,

First Moral Precept, ahimsa,

“Hatred does not cease by hatred, hatred ceases by love” (dhammapada),

War is the result of the three poisons.

48
Q

Just War?

A

Only Christmas believe in this,

War fought under the criteria (7 rules) in order to make war fair,

Not mentioned in the bible.

49
Q

Just War 7 Rules?

A

Controlled by the government,

Must have a just cause,

Just have a clear aim,

Must have a good outcome,

Only sufficient force should be used (no nukes),

Must be a chance of success,

Must be the last resort.

50
Q

Holy War?

A

War fought in the name of God,

Christians and muslims believe in a holy war,

Holy war is mentioned in the bu me but most Christians probably view it as outdated today,

The Old Testament, there are many examples of wars fought in the name of God. For example, Joshua’s army followed God’s commands to blow trumpets and bring down the walls of Jericho.

51
Q

WMD?

A

Weapons of mass destruction,

Most religions are against them,

This is because they go against the Just War theory and cause huge devastation,

Nuclear weapons are often used as a deterrent.

52
Q

Types Of WMD?

A

Nuclear,

Biological,

Chemical,

Radiological.

53
Q

Holy War?

A

War fought in the name of God,

Christians and muslims believe in a holy war,

Holy war is mentioned in the bu me but most Christians probably view it as outdated today,

The Old Testament, there are many examples of wars fought in the name of God. For example, Joshua’s army followed God’s commands to blow trumpets and bring down the walls of Jericho.

54
Q

WMD?

A

Weapons of mass destruction,

Most religions are against them,

This is because they go against the Just War theory and cause huge devastation,

Nuclear weapons are often used as a deterrent.

55
Q

Types Of WMD?

A

Nuclear,

Biological,

Chemical,

Radiological.

56
Q

Proliferation?

A

Increase in countries with nuclear weapons.

57
Q

Reasons For Proliferation?

A

They deter other countries from attacking,

They maintain peace,

Use of other WMD is made less likely.

58
Q

Disbarment?

A

Removal of nuclear weapons.

59
Q

Reasons For Disbarment?

A

Nuclear proliferation makes an attack more likely,

There is no moral justification for their use,

Waste of money.

60
Q

Just War Quote?

A

“It is impossible to conceive of a just war in a nuclear age”,

  • Pope John XXIII.
61
Q

Pacifism?

A

Never participate in eat, regardless of reasons,

Buddhist,

Jesus,

Gandhi - Hindu leader conducted peaceful protests,

Quakers - Christian group who follow teachings of Jesus.

62
Q

Golden Rule In Christianity?

A

“Treat others as you wish to be treated”.

63
Q

Ahimsa?

A

Do not harm life, first Moral precepts.

64
Q

Consequences Of War?

A

Refugees,

Famine and disease,

Death.

65
Q

Christian Peacemaker Teams?

A

A charity that helps victims of ear,

Offer food, shelter and medicine,

Emotional support,

Do this because of the teachings of Jesus and parables like the Good Samaritan.

66
Q

Good Actions?

A

Morally excellent, virtuous and righteous.

67
Q

Evil Actions?

A

Profoundly immoral and wicked.

68
Q

Buddhists Beliefs On Good And Evil?

A

Intention is just as important as action,

Right intention is part of the eightfold path, as well as right action,

Motivation to do evil comes from the three poisons.

69
Q

Three Poisons?

A

Anger, greed and ignorance.

70
Q

Christian Beliefs On Good And Evil?

A

Evil is the abuse of free will (Moral evil),

In order to see and appreciate good, evil must exist,

Many Christians believe the devil can influence people to do evil.

71
Q

Why Would Someone Commit Crime?

A

Upbringing,

Mental illness,

Poverty,

Addiction,

Greed and hate,

Opposition to an existing law (crimes may be committed in protest about laws that are considered unfair).

72
Q

Example Of An Opposition To Existing Law?

A

When black oriole used to be treated unfairly, people began breaking the law through violent protest,

Christians believe everyone was created equally.

73
Q

Types Of Crime?

A

Crimes against the person,

Crimes against property,

Crimes against the state - potentially endangering everyone or affecting the smooth running of society, for example, terrorism,

Hate crimes.

74
Q

Hate Crimes?

A

Are any crimes motivated by prejudice in the negative sense.

75
Q

Religious Laws That Are In I’m Justice System?

A

Do not kill,

Do not steal.

76
Q

Christian Views On Crime And Punishment?

A

“An eye for an eye” - Old Testament,

“Turn the other cheek” - New Testament by Jesus,

Contradiction between old and new testament,

“Love thy neighbour” - Jesus, shows forgiveness.

77
Q

Buddhist Views On Crime And Punishment?

A

Karma will punish those,

People should receive punishment but this should not be murder as they believe the criminal should have a chance to reform,

They believe in ahimsa.

78
Q

Deterrence?

A

A punishment is meant to be unpleasant and a deterrent so that the offender is put off committing crimes in the future,

Religions agree as long as punishment are not harsh.

79
Q

Retribution?

A

This is taking revenge on the offender,

This makes the justice system as bad as the criminal.

80
Q

Reformation?

A

This punishment is given to try and change the nature of the criminal,

Most people who break the law are going to continue to be part of society,

Religions agree with the use of this, it shows forgiveness,

Christians think this mirrors Jesus’ teachings and Buddhists believe that this shows metta and karuna,

They also believe it’s part of the eightfold path, “right action”,

Buddhist think if you do not forgive, you are guilty of the three poisons.

81
Q

Prison?

A

The secure confinement of a crimson to deprive them of their liberties,

Most prisoners will be released back into society.

82
Q

Young Offender Institutes?

A

Christians that are young adults go to be reformed,

In England, the age of criminal responsibility is 10.

83
Q

Community Service?

A

This punishment is given for the less serious offends,

Given crimes to repair for a set number of hours,

“Paying back” to community.

84
Q

Corporal Punishment?

A

Physical punishment causing physical pain such as whipping,

It is not used in the UK,

Most religions would not agree with this.

85
Q

Death Penalty?

A

Also called capital punishment,

Criminal is killed for their crime.

86
Q

Amnesty International?

A

An example of a charity which tried to help people get off death row if they have been unjustly prosecuted.

87
Q

For Death Penalty?

A

Deterrence,

Protection of society,

Prisons are a waste of resources.

88
Q

Against Death Penalty?

A

Two wrongs don’t makes a right,

All life is scared (sanctity of life),

Innocent people can be executed.

89
Q

Principle Of Utility?

A

States that actions or behaviours are right in so far as they promote happiness or pleasure,

Wrong as they tend to produce unhappiness or pain.

90
Q

Freedom Of Religious Belief?

A

Idea that people should be allowed to follow whatever religion they like,

It is one of your human rights.

91
Q

Christian Views On Freedom Of Religious Belief?

A

Many believe only way to gain salvation is believing in Jesus,

Missionary religion, meaning they see it as their mission to convert people,

Does not matter as long as you live a moral life,

Evangelists (some) and believe it is their duty to preach the gospel to try and convert people to Christianity,

“Go and make disciples of all nations” - Jesus.

92
Q

Buddhism Views On Freedom Of Religious Beliefs?

A

All religions are just different ways of the same religious truths,

People should decide for them selfs,

Dalia Lama when asked what his religion was said “the religion of kindness” showing that I’d does not matter what religion you live as long as you are kind and live a good life.

93
Q

Buddhism Beliefs Toward Women?

A

All woman are capable of achieving enlightenment,

A Zen Buddhist said “in acquiring the Dhamma, all acquire the Dhamma equally”,

Believe in metta and karuna to all.

94
Q

Christianity Views Toward Women?

A

In catholic Christianity, woman cannot be priests or higher,

Woman can be vicars in the Church of England,

Some fundamental Christian take literally Paul’s statement that women were not to speak in church, but if they had any questions, they should ask their husband when back at home,

A contradiction in the bible is St Paul, “there is neither Jew nor Greek, free man not salve, man or women, we are all one in Christ”,

Other Christian believe god created us equally and in his own image.

95
Q

Buddhism Views Towards Homosexuality?

A

Have no problem with same sex relationship as long as the people show metta.

96
Q

Islam Views Toward Homosexuality?

A

Muslims are sent to death penalty in some places,

Goes against the sharia law.

97
Q

Christianity Views Toward Homosexuality?

A

Many are against it (especially catholic’s),

Go against the role of humanity - to procreate,

God says in genesis “go forth and multiply”,

Other christians believe same sex relationships are ok as Kim has the couple remain calibrate (do not have sex),

Biblical story.

98
Q

Biblical Story?

A

“Sodom and Gomorrah” angles visit the town of sodom and Gomorrah and see it is home to many homosexuals and so they tell one man and his wife to flee the village and the angles burn the village down.

99
Q

Prejudice?

A

To prejudice something or someone, usually without any real evidence.

100
Q

Discrimination?

A

Putting prejudice into action.

101
Q

Positive Discrimination?

A

To promote opportunities for minority groups so they are better represented,

You can use this in 12 marker as support for prejudice in some circumstances.

102
Q

Types Of Prejudice?

A

Racism,

Ageism,

Sexism.

103
Q

Causes Of Prejudice?

A

Media,

Upbringing,

Scapegoating (blaming a group of people, e.g. nazi).

104
Q

Buddhism Views On Prejudice?

A

All forms are wrong,

Crates bad karma,

Metta,

Ahimsa - this includes mentally.

105
Q

Christianity Views Toward Prejudice?

A

Are wrong,

God created everyone equally (Genesis),

“Three others as we wish to be treated”,

Good Samaritan,

But some evidence points in the bible can often promote prejudice towards woman and homosexuals.

106
Q

Relative Poverty?

A

Generally means that a person can’t afford an ordinary living pattern.

107
Q

Absolute Poverty?

A

Means that a person can not afford the basic necessities.

108
Q

Causes Of Poverty?

A

People trafficking,

Fair pay,

Excessive loans.

109
Q

People Trafficking?

A

People taken for a better life, person prays for this opportunity,

Many end up illegal immigrants living in fear and being used as slaves and prostitutes.

110
Q

Who Helps The Poor?

A

Charities - such as Salvation Army,

Government - They have the power to change things such as provide good health care and fair pay laws. Politics also have a direct impact on people,

Religion - religious beliefs all start that they should help those in need.

111
Q

Causes Of Wealth?

A

Inheritance,

Lottery,

Earned it.

112
Q

Buddhism Views On Wealth?

A

Believe that there is nothing wrong with having wealth but it is how you use it,

Greed for wealthy is a poison,

Giving to poor creates good karma,

Buddhism teaches right action which is one step within the eightfold path.

113
Q

Christianity Views On Wealth?

A

Nothing wrong with it as longs as you use it correctly,

“The love money is the root of all evil” - New Testament,

Parable if the Windows Offering,

“No one can serve two masters… You cannot serve both God and money” - Matthew.

114
Q

Parable Of The Widows Offering?

A

A widow puts her last coin in the fountain but rich people walk by putting bags of money,

Jesus says the widow gave more because she had less to give,

Shows how you should have whatever you can to help others.

Religious Studies (3 decks)

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