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Buddhism Flashcards

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1
Q

Anatta?

A

No fixed self, no soul; the Universal Truth that the soul is insubstantial; that people change in the course of their lives; denial of a real or permanent self.

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2
Q

Anicca?

A

Impermanence, instability, not permanent.

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3
Q

Arhat?

A

A perfected person. In Theravada Buddhism this is a term for a person who has attained nibbana.

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4
Q

Birth?

A

Queen Maya had a dream while she was pregnant,

A white elephant elephant entered her womb,

This symbolises Siddhartha will be a holy man,

Siddhatha’s father did not want this to happen so when Maya died, he kept him living a life of luxury so he could be a king.

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5
Q

What Age Did Siddhartha Leave The Palace?

A

Age 29.

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6
Q

Four Sights?

A

First Sight - Old age of a frail, old man,

Second Sight - Illness of someone lying in the road in agony,

Third Sight - Death of a man being carried through the street in a funeral procession,

Fourth Sight - Holy man of a man in rags in a peaceful expression. This inspires Siddhartha,

He wants to cure suffering because of these sights.

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7
Q

Ascetic?

A

Wants to discover why people suffer so moves to the forest and purposely rejects anything that gives him pleasure,

This almost kills him because he is too weak to meditate,

This is important for Buddhists because it teaches them the importance of the middle way.

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8
Q

Middle Way?

A

Not the ascetic way but not a life of luxury,

In the middle.

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9
Q

Mediation?

A

Mara (evil one) tried to distract Siddhartha by:

Seducing him with his daughters,

Sending armies to attack,

Attacking herself,

Offering her kingdoms,

He ignores Mara and carry’s on meditating.

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10
Q

3 Watches Of The Night?

A

These are the three realisations,

Gains Knowledge Of:

  • Previous life’s,
  • Cycle of death and rebirth,
  • Cause and cute of suffering,

Siddhartha then became Buddha who taught these realisations in the form of Dhamma.

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11
Q

The Three Refuges?

A

Dhamma,

Buddha,

Sangha.

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12
Q

Dhamma?

A

Means “the truth” about the nature of existence,

Understood by Buddha when he became enlightened.

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13
Q

Buddha?

A

The teacher in Buddhism,

He teaches Dhamma.

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14
Q

Sangha?

A

The Buddhist community which is made up of those who have become enlightened,

Monks and nuns and all other followers.

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15
Q

The Three Refuges Quote?

A

“To the Buddha for refuge I go, to the Dhamma for refuge I go, to the Sangha for refuge I go.”

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16
Q

Dependant Arising?

A

Everything depends on something,

So our re birth depends on our actions in life,

Nothing can exist independently, which means nothing is eternal, everything is a constant process of change.

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17
Q

The Tibetan Wheel Of Life?

A

Illustrates the process of dependant arising,

Outer circle of the wheel is made of 12 stages, (nidanas),

The last link (old age and death) leads directly into the first link (ignorance), this represents the Buddhas teachings of rebirth,

The wheel shows the continual cycle of birth, death and rebirth,

This cycle is know as samsara,

Good intentions lead to good actions and good actions lead to a favourable rebirth.

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18
Q

Samsara?

A

The constant cycle of death and then rebirth,

For Buddhists, the ultimate aim is to break free of the cycle of samsara because this is what causes suffering.

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19
Q

How To Break Free Of Samsara?

A

Following the eightfold path.

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20
Q

Anatta?

A

Having no permanent, fixed self or soul as you are always reborn,

The Buddha taught that people are made up of five parts, these are called the five aggregates.

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21
Q

The Five Aggregates?

A

Our bodies,

Feelings,

Perception,

Thoughts,

Consciousness,

These are always changing,

The five aggregates can be shown through the mustard seed story.

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22
Q

Mustard Seed Story?

A

Kisa Gotami’s son dies and Buddha tells her to go around the village and ask for a mustard seed from the people who have never lost a loved one,

She has no mustard seeds,

This shows how suffering and change can effect everyone.

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23
Q

Dukkha?

A

This is suffering,

The idea that suffering exists everywhere for Buddhists and is almost impossible to avoid except when you break free from samsara,

You suffer because of cravings and attachments to material things.

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24
Q

Cravings Are?

A

Tanha.

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25
Q

What Buddha Discovered In Enlightenment?

A

The truth of suffering (dukkha),

The truth of the cause of suffering (samudaya) which are tanha and the three poisons,

The truth to the end of suffering (nirodha),

The truth or the path leading to the end of suffering (magga). Buddhists believe the best way to end suffering is to follow the Eightfold Path.

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26
Q

What Buddha Discovered In Enlightenment (Buddhist Words)?

A

Dukkha,

Samudaya,

Nirodha,

Magga.

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27
Q

Samudaya?

A

The cause of suffering which is:

The three poisons and tanha.

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28
Q

Three Poisons?

A

Ignorance, hatred and greed.

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29
Q

Nirodha?

A

Accepting suffering and appreciating the life you have whilst helping others.

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30
Q

Eightfold Path?

A

Right understanding,

Right intentions,

Right effort,

Right mindfulness,

Right concentration,

Right speech,

Right actions,

Right livelihood.

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31
Q

Three Fold Way?

A

A dither 3 actions of the eightfold path,

Wisdom, ethics (good actions) and meditation,

The 8 rules can fit into these 3 category’s.

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32
Q

Four Noble Truths?

A

What Buddha discovered when he became enlightened,

Dukkha, magga, samudaya and nirodha.

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33
Q

Types Of Buddhism?

A

Theravada, Mahayana, Pure Land Buddhism.

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34
Q

Theravada Buddhism?

A

Do not have sexual relationships,

Do not own personal items,

Some believe it is possible to share their own good fortune with other people by transferring the merit they have gained to someone else. This is usually when a person is dying. They hope this will help them have a good rebirth,

They believe in the 5 aggregates,

They believe in Arhats - a perfect person who is enlightened.

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35
Q

Arhat?

A

A perfect person who has achieved enlightenment.

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36
Q

Mahayana Buddhism?

A

Refers to a range of Buddhist traditions,

Buddha remains active and can influence the world,

An important concept in Mayayana is Sunyata (emptiness), clearing one’s mind before meditation,

Buddha-Nature means that everyone has the essence of Buddha inside them,

It is better to become Bodhisattva (help others gain enlightenment) than to be an Arhat.

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37
Q

Pure Land Buddhism?

A

A form of Mahayana Buddhism,

Based on faith in Amitabha Budda, in the hope of being reborn in the paradise where Amitabha lives,

Amitabha created the pure land called Sukhavati. He created it out of his compassion and love for all beings,

Pure land Buddhists believe that if they are reborn into this land, they will be taught by Amitabha and who’ll have a much better chance of attaining Buddha hood,

There is no suffering in the pure land.

38
Q

What Is Inside A Buddhist Temple?

A

Main hall,

Meditation hall or building,

Study hall,

Shrine,

Pagoda or Stupa,

Monastery.

39
Q

Main Hall In Buddhist Temple?

A

Where Buddhists practise together,

Contains a statue of Buddha called a Buddha Rupa.

40
Q

Meditation Hall Can Also Be Known As?

A

Gompa - this is only called this in Tibetan Buddhism.

41
Q

Shrine?

A

Dedicated to Buddha or to Bodhisattva In Mahayana Buddhist temples,

In a shrine, the focus is a statue of the Buddha, usually sitting crossed leg and meditating,

Shrines are found in a temple or at the home,

They provide a focal point for Buddhists to meditate and practise,

Offerings of light, flowers and incense are often made,

They are symbolic to Buddha’s teachings as flowers wilt and die which symbolises anicca,

Flowers also show respect to Buddha.

42
Q

Pagoda?

A

Also known as a Stupa,

A tiered tower or mound-like structure that is sometimes used to contain holy relics.

43
Q

Monastery?

A

Also known as a Vihara,

A building where a community of Buddhist monks or nuns live.

44
Q

Puja?

A

The word for worship,

Worship is showing respect to Buddha and his teachings but more importantly, helps the person attain their own enlightenment.

45
Q

Different Ways Of Puja?

A

Chanting,

Mantra Recitation,

Meditation,

Visualisation,

Mandala.

46
Q

Chanting?

A

Memories and share,

Sacred texts,

Chanting helps you remember,

Before paper was created, you would chant to remember sacred texts,

Also helps calm and clear your mind before meditation.

47
Q

Mantra Recitation?

A

Sequance of scared syllables, changed over and over,

Again, done to calm and clear the mind before meditation,

E.g. Om Mani Padme Hum may be recited,

You can recite material hundreds of times and mala beads are often used to count your recitations.

48
Q

Mala Beads?

A

String of simple beads worn as a necklace or bracelet.

49
Q

Meditation?

A

Calms the body and mind,

Focus on different objects to help and achieve enlightenment,

Two types are Samatha and Vispassana.

50
Q

Samatha Meditation?

A

Deeper concentrations,

Mindfulness if breathing feeling all sensations,

Focus on a bowl of water, etc.

51
Q

Vispassana Meditation?

A

“Insight meditation”,

True nature of reality,

Reflect on the body and on buddhas teachings.

52
Q

Visualisation?

A

You may use a shrine or a Buddha repa to focus on and visualise yourself as being enlightened,

Mahayana buddhists may visualise Bodhisattvas.

53
Q

Mandala?

A

Helps focus meditation,

Done in sand,

Brushed away after to show impermanence (anicca),

A beautiful pattern which takes weeks or longer to create.

54
Q

Buddha Rupa?

A

A statue of Buddha.

55
Q

Theravada Funerals?

A

Usually cremation,

Do not involve lots of money being spent,

Instead, family and firmed donate money to a charity and transfer the merit to the deceased (this means they transfer their good karma),

Good karma is created by donating money which helps the person get a good rebirth.

56
Q

Good Karma Quote?

A

“If the beggar has created more merits, then although the looks materially poor, he is really the rich man”.

57
Q

Tibethan Funerals?

A

“Sky burials”,

In which the body is left in a high place as a gift to the vultures,
I
A mountainous country is often short of firewood and the ground is too frozen to dig,

Giving away a body is seen as both practical and a generous act which creates good karma,

However, many would still use cremation tikka d remains are often left within the pagoda.

58
Q

Pure Land Funerals?

A

The coffin may be playing e with the head pointing west, while those assembled chant “Namo Amida Bu” as they go around it,

Head points toward the pure land.

59
Q

Karma?

A

Also known as Kamma,

Is the idea that if you perform skilful actions (helping others) then you will have a more favourable rebirth,

Unskillful actions will lead to less favourable rebirth,

Buddhists aim to be reborn into the human realm so they have a better chance at enlightenment.

60
Q

Karuna?

A

Is one of the 4 sublime states,

Means compassion,

An example of compassion is the story of Siddhartha and the swan.

61
Q

Story Showing Compassion?

A

Siddhartha and the swan,

Siddhartha’s cousin injures a swan and Siddhartha cares it back to good health.

62
Q

ROKPA?

A

A charity which helps those in need around the world out of Karuna.

63
Q

Compassion Quote?

A

“I believe that at every level of society, the key to a happier and more successful world is the growth of compassion”

  • Dalia Lama.
64
Q

Metta?

A

Another one of the 4 sublime states,

Means loving/kindness.

65
Q

Five Moral Precepts?

A

Do not harm life (ahimsa),

Do not take what us not freely given,

To abstain from misuse of the senses or sexual misconduct,

To abstain from wrong speech (gossip),

To abstain from intoxicants that cloud the mind (drugs).

66
Q

Six Perfections?

A

Wisdom,

Meditation,

Generosity,

Morality,

Patience,

Energy,

These are quality’s that express how a Bodhisattva lives according to the Mahayana Buddhists.

67
Q

Six Perfections And Five Moral Precepts Difference?

A

The six Perfections apply to all Buddhists whilst the five moral Precepts can only apply to the Bodhisattva’s,

However, they are both important as they teach us to live a good life and get good karma,

They also help obtain enlightenment.

68
Q

Wesak?

A

Also known as Buddha day,

Celebrates the life of Buddha but specifically the birth, enlightenment and passing into nirvana (all said to have happened on a full moon),

Celebrated on the full moon of Vesak (usually May),

In some parts of the world, caged birds are set free to symbolise Buddha freeing people from suffering,

Buddhists may light up there homes to symbolise Buddhas teaching of lighting the way.

69
Q

Parinirvana Day?

A

Is a Mahayana festival that is celebrated during February to emerge the Buddhas passing into parinirvana,

For Buddhists, it is a chance to reflect on their own future death and to remember friends or relatives who have passed recently,

The idea of impermanence is the real focus of this day,

Some places may organise retreats - usually to Buddhas last known place - Kushingar in India.

70
Q

Buddhas Last Known Place?

A

Kushingar in India.

71
Q

Difference Between Six Perfections And Five Moral Precepts?

A

Five Moral Precepts apply to all Buddhists,

The Perfections apply to only Bodhisattvas.

72
Q

Why Are Precepts And Perfections Important?

A

They teach us to live a good life and get good karma and how to attain enlightenment.

73
Q

Four Measureless States?

A

Metta - loving kindness,

Upekkha - equanimity,

Karuna - compassion,

Mudita - sympathetic joy,

These allow Buddhists to meditate.

74
Q

Vinaya?

A

Means discipline,

This involves rules for monks and nuns on how to live like Buddha,

Part of the Tipitaka.

75
Q

The Tipitaka?

A

Three baskets,

Vinaya,

Ashidhamma,

Sutra,

Collection of Buddhas teachings written I Pali,

Writers write the teachings on palm leaves which were stored in baskets.

76
Q

Adhidamma?

A

Means teachings,

Part of the Tipitaka.

77
Q

Sutra?

A

Means instruction,

Main teachings in Buddhism,

Part of the Tipitaka.

78
Q

Buddhist Scriptures?

A

The Tipitaka (Vinaya, Abhidhamma and The Sutra),

The Sutras,

The Pali Canon.

79
Q

Revelation?

A

The way God chooses to make himself known to human beings,

Buddhist believe this to be important because it gives personal knowledge of the truth,

Without this, Buddhism wouldn’t exist.

80
Q

Types Of Revelation In Buddhism?

A

Reading scriptures,

Miracles,

Buddha,

Mystical experiences,

Natural world,

Bodhisattvas.

81
Q

How Buddhists Work Toward Nirvana?

A

Detachment,

Meditation,

Following teachings,

Following the four noble truths,

Following the eightfold path.

82
Q

Bodhisattvas?

A

Closer to enlightenment that others,

Only the Mahayana Buddhists believe in them,

It is believed that they can perform miracles,

Can help Buddhists on the road to nibbana,

Some Buddhist meditate or imagine them to reveal truth.

83
Q

Nibbana?

A

Final goal.

84
Q

Skandhas?

A

Five parts that make up a person,

The body and its origins,

Feelings,

Perception,

Impulses,

Consciousnesses.

85
Q

Which Buddhism Doesn’t Use Meditation?

A

Pure Land - East Asia.

86
Q

What Is Found In Vihara?

A

A vihara is a Buddhist temple or monetary,

Flowers,

Candles,

Incense,

Statue of Buddha,

Shrine room,

Upward spire - symbolises wisdom,

Offerings,

A structure symbolising the five elements.

87
Q

Samatha Meditation?

A

Development of concentration.

88
Q

Vipassana Meditation?

A

Development of insight.

89
Q

Buddhists Beliefs On Fasting?

A

Used as a disciple for spiritual enlightenment,

Fasting does not stop Dukkha and followers should eat to stay healthy,

Buddha teaches about moderation which avoids extremes of all things,

Fasting for short periods of time reaches Buddhists to not be greedy and helps teach about the value of food,

Meditation can cleanse the body and mind.

90
Q

The Five Precepts?

A

Do not harm life (ahimsa),

Do not take what is not freely given,

To abstain from misuse of the senses or sexual misconduct,

To abstain from wrong speech,

To abstain from intoxicants that cloud the mind.

91
Q

3 Marks Of Existence?

A

Dukkha (suffering),

Anicca (impermanence),

Anatta (having no permanent or fixed self/soul).

Religious Studies (3 decks)

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