Religion and globalisation Flashcards

Question

How does BECKFORD criticise Giddens, Bauman, Castells and Bruce?

Answer 1

X ignore 'hybrid' communities where C&F may work together X fixated on how globalisation affects fundamentalism, ignore its effects on other religions X Giddens doesn't distinguish between different types of F X Extremism is not just a reaction to globalisation but also local political and economic circumstances

Answer 2

The use of Media Technologies to recruit members to fundamentalist groups

Answer 3

Where C&F work together - fundamentalist groups may recruit members through media technologies, contradicting their rebellion against modern movements

Answer 4

Claims F beliefs about returning to the truth and resisting change is not only linked to religious belief system but can also be associated with non-religious beliefs

Answer 5

A rise of secular fundamentalism which has influenced social policy in some countries

Answer 6

France 2004- banned pupils from wearing religious symbols in schools 2010- made it illegal for women to wear the veil in public 2015- some councils stopped serving alternatives to pork in their school meals, claiming all students should be treated equally

Answer 7

Where groups react against religious changed and beliefs

Answer 8

As the world 'globalises', national identities mean less and less e.g. politicians talk about the European community, The Middle East or Asia rather than identifying individual countries

Answer 9

Societies around the world are experiencing a 'crisis of meaning' whereby their cultures, languages, traditions and politics are becoming less significant

Answer 10

Collective International identities

Answer 11

Many countries use their religions to restore their individual identities, acting as a 'cultural defence' - a way of holding onto national heritage, tradition, culture and politics - a way of re-individualising oneself

Answer 12

Poland under communist rule (forced by Soviet Union) - Catholicism suppressed, acted as a symbol for Polish identity The Catholic Church supported the 'Solidarity free' movement - helped bring down the communist rule - church has been very influential since in Polish politics

Answer 13

1950s democratic government in Iran overthrown by 'Pro-Western regime' supported by W oil companies and govs 60/70s- force Westernised values on Iran by banning the veil and replacing the Iranian calendar with 'western-friendly' one, due to takeover of capitalism, divide between rich n poor increased - The Islamic religion was used as a focal point to rally opposition against Shah's regime - The Islamic Revolution helped to create Islamic Republic - Clerics held state power and helped restore traditional Islamic values back to Iran

Answer 14

Both examples of how religion has acted as a 'cultural defence' against a perceived external threat with the Globalised World

Answer 15

HUNTINGTON- CoC - religion is often at the core of many global conflicts, describes at CoC - identifies 7 civilisations - Western, Latin, American, Islamic, Hindu, Japanese etc - religion binds countries within these civilisations it can also cause conflict between them

Answer 16

Religion is becoming more important as a source of national identity - globalisation means that civilisations are more likely to be in contact with each other which means old conflicts re-emerge easier

Answer 17

'Us vs Them' - competition for wealth and power grows on a Global Scale - religious difference are harder to resolve as they are a closed system which are rooted in history

Answer 18

People use their religion as a sense of national identity which helps them in maintaining their traditions against societal changes such as westernisation

Answer 19

A 'West VS The Rest' campaign is emerging and as such the West need to reassert their Christian identity

Answer 20

H's work is based on 'orientalism' - he stereotypes Eastern Civilisations as untrustworthy, fanatical, barbarian and inferior (particularly Muslims)

Answer 21

H generalises far too much- only a small minority of the world's 1.5billion Muslims are interested in a Holy War and fanaticism

Answer 22

Has only been caused by the West imposing their values and politics on the Middle-East - The West should bear most of the blame and the Islam should not be scapegoated

Answer 23

Religion and politics does not cause a 'CoC' - it is attitudes towards sexual orientation and gender liberation that causes the real 'clash'

Answer 24

They all believe that the conflicts created are not all down to religion - West imposing, ethnocentric - attitudes towards gender/sexuality, liberalism

Answer 25

India major player on global political stage - rising influence amongst Indian middle class who are educated, prosperous and working in these developing global sectors - whilst secularisation theorists may predict this would lead to a decline in belief, it meant MC became more religious

Answer 26

A result of tension between the traditional Hindu belief in rejecting materialism VS their new financial success

Answer 27

That wealth is not bad and can be spiritually balanced - it has become fashionable to be religious

Answer 28

Many Indians strongly identify with their Hindu beliefs and see them as a symbol of their national identity - these beliefs started to influence public life e.g. Hindu sciences such as astrology is taught as an academic subject at university

Answer 29

X Nanda points out that this is causing inequality between the minority groups in India e.g. Muslims, Buddhists etc

Answer 30

People strongly resonate with their culture as part of their identity - worshipping themselves, celebrating nationality

Answer 31

The MC are more likely to be religious than the WC, If it is preached that wealth is not bad, it puts the LC at a disadvantage