Religion

Question 1

What were 2 of Elizabeth’s aims regarding religion?

Answer 1

1. To heal the divisions between Protestants and Catholics to avoid Civil War.
2. To maximise her personal power by taking as much control over the church as possible

Question 2

What was the Act of Supremacy, 1559?

Answer 2

It re-established the break from Rome and an independent Church of England and all members of the clergy had to swear an oath of loyalty to her.
However, as a compromise with Archbishops and Bishops being kept which it was hoped would please Catholics.

Question 3

What was the Act of Uniformity, 1559?

Answer 3

Catholic Mass was abandoned and the Bible was written in English (to please protestants

Ornaments such as crosses and candles could be placed on the communion table and Priests had to war traditional- style Vestments (to please Catholics)

Question 4

How were these two acts viewed at the time

Answer 4

Moderate Protestants and Catholics were happy with them but Puritans and extreme Catholics thought they were too generous to the “enemy”

Question 5

Geographically, where was Catholicism strongest in England

Answer 5

North East and North West

Question 6

Geographically, where was Puritanism strongest?

Answer 6

South East and London

Question 7

What was a Puritan?

Answer 7

An English Protestant who wanted to further simplify the church of England and remove anything related to Catholicism.

Question 8

What was the impact of the religious settlement on the Clergy

Answer 8

8000 priests took the oath of supremacy showing their support for the Acts introduced.
However, only 1 Bishop took the oath, so 27 new bishops were appointed.

Question 9

What was the role of the Church of England

Answer 9

Church courts – these dealt with issues such was marriage and death – wills and inheritance.

Enforcing the Religious Settlement
Inspectors would visit a church to ensure the priest was following the terms of the settlements

Question 10

Give two examples of when Puritans challenged Elizabeth and how Elizabeth dealt with them

Answer 10

The Crucifix controversy - Elizabeth liked crucifixes. Puritans did not like crucifixes. This was a problem as several Bishops threatened to resign and as a result the Queen backed down

The vestment controversy – Elizabeth wanted priests to wear special vestments (clothes) but some refused. A special exhibition was held in London to show what vestments they should wear. Of the 110 invited 37 didn’t come and they lost their post. Elizabeth had won this battle

Question 11

How did the Pope challenge Elizabeth, and what was the impact of this?
(controversies)

Answer 11

He issued a statement in 1566 that Catholics should not attend protestant church services.
This had virtually no impact

Question 12

What was the impact of the Religious of the Catholic nobility

Answer 12

Many of the Catholic Nobles could practice their religion in peace but the Earls of Northumberland, Westmorland found themselves out of favour because of their Catholicism, and as a result, their political influence decreased.

Question 13

What was a Heretic

Answer 13

People who didn’t believe the teachings of the Catholic Church

Question 14

What was recusancy

Answer 14

Refusal to attend Church of England services

Question 15

What did Elizabeth do with Mary when she arrived in England?

Answer 15

Mary was kept under house arrest

Question 16

When was the Northern rebellion?

Answer 16

1569

Question 17

What happened in the first stages of The

Northern rebellion?

Answer 17

The duke of Norfolk, the Queens cousin wanted to marry Mary and put pressure on Elizabeth, as Marys claim to the throne would be strengthened strong. Dudley and Throckmorton were brought in to the plot but Dudley confessed to Elizabeth. Norfolk was arrested

Question 18

What success did the rebels have in the Northern rebellion?

Answer 18

Two Catholic nobles Northumberland and Westmorland started an uprising of 5000 rebels in the north and Mass was illegally held in Durham cathedral. In December they waited for Spanish assistance.

Question 19

Why did the rebellion fail?

Answer 19

Lack of foreign support
Lack of an uprising by the general population
Key Northern towns were held by the government e.g. York.
The rebels lost a short battle and Westmorland and Northumberland fled to Scotland

Question 20

What was the impact of the Northern uprising?

Answer 20

Elizabeth confiscated the land of the Earls who rebelled making her stronger
The reorganising of the Northern Council strengthened her position
Norfolk was released after 9 months in the tower of London

Question 21

In what year did the Pope introduce a bill excommunicating Elizabeth?

Answer 21

1570

Question 22

Why was this significant?

Popes excommunicating E

Answer 22

Because English Catholics did not have to be loyal to Elizabeth

Question 23

When was the Treason Act?

Answer 23

1571

Question 24

What did the Treason Act state?

Answer 24

Anyone denying Elizabeth’s supremacy and bringing in the Pope Bull of excommunication will be executed

Question 25

Who were the Jesuits

Answer 25

A group of Catholics committed to serving the Pope