Exploration and the Spanish Armada

Question 1

Why did Britain develop trading routes during the Elizabethan era?

Answer 1

To bring in Expensive goods eg silk

To bypass the taxes that had to be payed to the Ottoman Turks

The triangular lateen sail meant ships could sail in any direction regardless of the wind

The chance to get rich

Question 2

What were privateers

Answer 2

People who had been given a licence by Elizabeth to steal from England’s enemies

Question 3

What was the Eastland company?

Answer 3

A company formed in 1579 which traded Timber and rope with Scandinavia

Question 4

What was the Levant company?

Answer 4

A company that traded good such as dyes and in the Mediterranean

Question 5

What was the East India company?

Answer 5

A company formed in 1600 that traded in the far east in Silks, spices and tea

Question 6

Who was John Hawkins?

Answer 6

A slave trader. He traded slaves captured in West Africa in the Caribbean making him very wealthy.

Question 7

How did John Hawkins increase the tension between the Spanish and the English?

Answer 7

He lost was the battle of Battle of San Juan de Ulúa in 1568 increasing anti – Spanish feeling in the English court

Question 8

Who was Sir Walter Raleigh

Answer 8

An English explorer who attempted to develop colonies in modern day north America.

Question 9

What impact did Sir Walter Raleigh’s voyages have?

Answer 9

He developed the idea that colonies could be set in North America and Virginia was settled by English colonisers after Elizabeth’s death

Question 10

Who was Sir Francis Drake?

Answer 10

A Privateer, successful captain who circumnavigated the globe 1577-80

Question 11

What motivated Drake?

Answer 11

Money and a love of England

Question 12

What problems did Drake face when circumnavigating the globe

Answer 12

Rough seas
Pirates
The Spanish

Question 13

Why was Drakes circumnavigation an achievement?

Answer 13

Only the second man in History to achieve this

He was the first Englishman to achieve this

Drake returned with £400,000 in treasure with Elizabeth getting £200,000 of that more than her entire income for a year

Question 14

How was Drake viewed as a result of his circumnavigation

Answer 14

He was seen as a hero by the English,

Question 15

Why was King Phillip Hostile to Elizabeth and England?

Answer 15

Elizabeth had rejected him as a possible husband

As a devout Catholic Philip saw Elizabeth as a heretic

English Privateers stole from Spanish ships

Question 16

What was the Spanish Netherlands

Answer 16

A Protestant country, controlled by Spain which had strong trading links with England

Question 17

What was England’s role in the war between the Spanish and the Spanish Netherlands?

Answer 17

In 1585 England sent 7000 troops under Dudley’s command to help the Dutch rebels. England and Spain were now at war

Question 18

When did the Armada leave?

Answer 18

May 1588

Question 19

How did the Spanish contribute to the defeat of the Spanish Armada?

Answer 19

The Duke of Medina Sedonia who led the Armada was not an experienced Seaman and so made poor decisions

Medina Sedonia was not in communication with the Duke of Parma making an invasion nearly impossible

Question 20

What role did the English play in the Spanish defeat?

Answer 20

Experienced seaman leading the fleet e.g. Lord Howard and Sir Francis Drake used effective tactics eg hit and run

English ships kept their distance making the Spanish cannons ineffective as they could only fire a relatively short distance

Question 21

What role did luck play in the defeat of the Spanish Armada?

Answer 21

The wind changes direction and blew the Armada in to the North sea making it impossible to meet up with Parma. This was called the “Protestant wind”.