Religion Flashcards
The Orthodox Church acted as a useful form of ____ ____ for the tsars - pillar of ____.
Co-dependent - state encouraged attendance at ____ and gave the church ____
The Orthodox Church acted as a useful form of social control for the tsars - pillar of autocracy.
Co-dependent - state encouraged attendance at services and gave the church funds
Immediatly after the October Revolution, it seemed the church would be ____ to its own ____ by the Bolsheviks
However, when the Orthodox Church brought back ____, the Bolsheviks made the ‘Decree on the Separation of the ____ from the ____ and ____ from the ____’
Immediatly after the October Revolution, it seemed the church would be left to its own devices by the Bolsheviks
However, when the Orthodox Church brought back patriarchy, the Bolsheviks made the ‘Decree on the Separation of the Church from the StateandSchoolfrom theChurch’
The ‘Decree on the Separation of the Church from the State and School from the Church’:
- Broke ____ relationship
- Withdrew state ____
- Prevented religious groups from possessing ____ (including ____)
The ‘Decree on the Separation of the Church from the State and School from the Church’:
- Broke symbolic relationship
- Withdrew state subsidies
- Prevented religious groups from possessing property (including icons)
Under Lenin:
- During the Civil War many churches were ____ and their property ____
- Anti-____ groups encouraged to form - League of ____ ____ (____)
Lenin’s only concession was the appointment of a Church _____
Under Lenin:
- During the Civil War many churches were closed and their property confiscated
- Anti-religious groups encouraged to form - League of Militant Godless (1925)
Lenin’s only concession was the appointment of a Church spokesperson
Under Stalin:
- Continued to ____ churches
- Many clergy suffered during the ____ ____ of the late ____
- In 1930, ___ working Orthodox Churches
- By 1938 only __, number of clergy refuced by __%
Under Stalin:
- Continued to close churches
- Many clergy suffered during the Great Terror of the late 1930s
- In 1930, 224 working Orthodox Churches
- By 1938 only 16, number of clergy refuced by 60%
Khrushchev believed, to speed up full implementation of communism, religion had to be ____:
- 19__ Twentieth Party Conference - ‘____ ____’ to replace Bible
- Used ____ against the Church
Khrushchev believed, to speed up full implementation of communism, religion had to be ____:
- 1961 Twentieth Party Conference - ‘moral code’ to replace Bible
- Used propaganda against the Church
Name the 7 main Non-Orthodox religions in Russia
- Old Believers
- Sectarians
- Catholics
- Protestants
- Jews
- Muslims
- Buddhists
The tsars mostly dealt with non-Orthodox religion by encouraging ____ or ____ practice
- 18__ - Old Believers given right to meet in their ____ for prayer but banned any ____ promotion of their beliefs
- April 19__ - Nicholas II ____ above, and also allowed Orthodox believers to ____ to other Christian ____
- 19__ - more ____ - particuarly against ____
The tsars mostly dealt with non-Orthodox religion by encouraging conversion or restricting practice
- 1883 - Old Believers given right to meet in their houses for prayer but banned any public promotion of their beliefs
- April 1905 - Nicholas II modified above, and also allowed Orthodox believers to convert to other Christian denominations
- 1910 - more restrictions - particuarly against Baptists
During the communist period, most non-Orthodox sects were forced to operate ‘____’
During the communist period, most non-Orthodox sects were forced to operate ‘underground’
Treatment of minority religious groups during WWII:
- Targeted as (falsly) associated with collaborating with the ____
- In Eastern Europe there were _____
- Use of ____ against them
Treatment of minority religious groups during WWII:
- Targeted as (falsly) associated with collaborating with the enemy
- In Eastern Europe there were deportations
- Use of propaganda against them
Post-WWII treatment of religious minorities:
- Similar to ____ treatment
- 19__ - official anti-____ campaign - religious activity of any kind was under ____ unless conducted in an ‘____ ____’
Despite not being banned outright until 19__ (when officially considered ____ and a detriment to the ____-____ of the people), religion still successfully ____ before.
However it was never ____
Post-WWII treatment of religious minorities:
- Similar to Orthodox treatment
- 1958 - official anti-religious campaign - religious activity of any kind was under scrutiny unless conducted in an ‘official place’
Despite not being banned outright until 1958 (when officially considered unscientific and a detriment to the well-being of the people), religion still successfully restricted before.
However it was never eradicated
So overall while the russian rulers (namely communists) were able to remove the ____ and ____ of religious groups, religion was never ____
Moreover, still Orthodox ____ in Russia today e.g. ____ - could not achieve cultural ____ from ____
So overall while the russian rulers (namely communists) were able to remove the leadship and visibility of religious groups, religion was never eradicated
Moreover, still Orthodox architecture in Russia today e.g. Kremlin - could not achieve cultural break from past
