religion Flashcards
define religion
a defined set of beliefs and actions that believers think that they and others should follow to achieve ultimate goals
what role does religion play in human geo
shapes the cultural landscape(buildings,clothes) and migration(hajj/pilgrimages)
what are the three categories of religion
- polytheistic
- monotheistic
- animistic
define intrafaith
conflicts within one religion
define interfaith
conflicts between two ore more religions
define secularism
the idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on Earth, not accommodated to the prescriptions of a deity and comfortable afterlives
animistic religion
the belief that inanimate objects and elements of the natural landscape possess souls and can help or hinder human efforts on earth
a belief system that believes that their is one true religion and try to convert others
universalizing religion
oldest of the 5 major faiths
hinduism
what is the hearth of Hinduism
Pakistan(now Muslim)
where is the current area of dominance of Hinduism
India
is there a single founder of Hinduism?
no
is there formal scripture for Hindus
no
what are Brahman’s manifestations?
- Brahma
- Shiva
- Vishu
Brahma
creator of the universe
Shiva
destroyer of the world to recreate it
Vishu
preserver/protector of the universe
Hindu Beliefs/Concepts
- Brahman = creator and head god
- atman = soul
- dharma = law
- caste system
- karma
- samsara= idea of reincarnation
how do Hindus worship
individually
murti
Hindu shrines to one god
what are the major sects of Hinduism
- Vaishnavism (70%)
- Shivaism (20%)
- Shakism
Vaishnavism
worships Vishnu who was reincarnated 7 times
How does Hinduism impact the cultural landscape
- shrines/murti
- temples
- pilgramages
- festivals
- ritual bathing
describe Hindu temples
- tall
- grand
- stairway to the front
who is the founder of Buddhism
Siddhartha Guatama (the Buddha)
where is the hearth of Buddhism
Nepal
where are the 3 current areas of dominance of Buddhism
- Theraveda
- Manayana
- Tibetan
Theravada
- Sri Lanka
- Cambodia
- Thailand
- Laos
Manayana
- Tibet
- China
- Taiwan
- Japan
- Korea
sacred texts of Buddhism
Tripitaka
Buddhist beliefs
- no personal God – doesn’t exist to serve you
- nothing is personal
- Four Noble truths
- three roots of evil
- eightfold path
four noble truths
- suffering
- origin of suffering
- cessation of suffering
- path of cessation of suffering
what are the three roots of evil
- greed and desire
- ignorance and delusion
- hatred
what is the eightfold path
- right understanding = accept teachings
- right intention = commit to right attitudes
- right speech = speak truthfully and avoid gossip
- right action = behave peacefully ex. no stealing
- right livelihood = avoid making living in ways which cause harm
- right effort = positive state of mind free self from evil
- right mindfulness = awareness of body
- right concentration = mental focus necessary for awareness
Buddhisms impact on cultural landscape
- pilgrimages
- pagodas and stupas (come to a point)
who is the founder of Judaism
Abraham and his son Isaac
where is the hearth of Judaism
Israel
diffusion of Judaism started in
70 AD during diaspora
diaspora
Jews fled from Jerusalem to Africa and central europe
Judaism is a ___________ religion
monotheistic
Judaism beliefs
- nature of god = omniscient, no physical form, existed since beginning of time
- covenant with god
Judaism’s holy books
- Torah
- talmud
Judaism’s holy days
- Shabbath or Sabbath
- Yom Kippur
- Hanukkah
- Rosh Hashanan
- Passpver
Yom Kippur
day of atonement where the fate for next year is sealed
Rosh Hashanan
New Year
Orthodox Judaism
traditional
-men wear Yamakah
-Kosher(no pork)
conservative
Judaism’s effect on cultural landscape
- synagogue
- Western Wall in Israel
- Hanukkah
Western wall
only wall left of the second temple of Solomon
founder of Christianity
jesus
hearth of Christianity
Israel/Palestine
diffusion of Christianity
- relocation
- hierarchal
- contagious
areas of Christian dominance
Europe(European Colonization)
Christianity is a __________ religion
monotheistic
Christian salvation
- jesus sacrificed himself to save us
- one must h ave salvation to go to heaven
major divisions of christianity
- catholic
- eastern orthodox
- protestant
protestant rituals
- communism
- baptism
roman catholic rituals
- baptism
- first communion
- confirmation
- reconciliation/confession
- holy orders
- marriage
Christianity’s affect on cultural landscape
- cathedrals in shape of a cross
- eastern orthodox churches are onion dome
founder of Islam
Mohammad
hearth of islam
mecca
holy book of Islam
Qur’an
holy cities of Islam
Mecca and Medina
islam is a _____________ religion
monotheistic
Allah
- eternal, omniscient, and umnipotent
- no shape or form
- just and merciful
5 pillars of Islam
- Sheldah = sincere reciting of faith
- Salat = ritual prayers 5 times a day
- Zakat = charity
- Sawra = fasting during Ramadan
- Hajj = pilgrimage to Mecca
Muslim holy days
- Eid al-Fitir
- Eis ul Adha
Eid al-Fitir
- at end of Ramadan
- thankful to Allah for strength
- time for forgiveness
- new clothes and decorations
Eid ul Adha
- Ishma’il was the son to be sacrificed by Abraham
- celebrates his complete obedience to god
- sacrifice a domestic animal
Islam’s affect on cultural landscape
- women wearing a hijab
- hajj
- mosque
- minaret
divisions of Islam
Sunni and Shi’a
Sunni Islam
- majority
- Wahhabi Islam (conservative radical fundamentalists)
Shi’a Islam
mostly in Iran
want leaders to be direct descendants of Ibrahim
minaret
tower for a call to prayer for Muslims
sharia law
laws that enforce religious Islamic code
why do people try to convert others to their religion?
- ordered to spread the faith
- must ensure others behave properly or God will punish you for tolerating it
- care about the fate of others souls
discontigous borders
part of a country don’t even touch each other
what are the 6 countries of the Horn of Africa
- Eritrea
- Djibouti
- Somalia
- Ethiopia
- Sudan
- Kenya
fundamentalists
believe their religious text must be followed precisely
extremists
fundamentalists but with violence
1940s - Yugoslavia fragmented in WW2
Croats w/ Nazis and genocide with Serbs
post WW2- 1981
Yugoslavia communist state non aligned w USSR
Marshall Tito
totalitarian dictator of Yugoslavia
- anyone who opposed disappeared
- suppressed ethnic tensions
When Marshall Tito dies __________ comes to power
Milosevic (Serbian)
Milosevic favored __________ which led to the breaking up of Yugoslavia
Serbs
how does the fragmentation of Yugoslavia affect Bosnia
-in the middle of the conflicts between Croatia and Serbia
14th century-1700 GB colonialized ___________-
ireland
GB brought in ___________ settlers into Ireland
scottish
GB was Protestant and Ireland was Catholic so
stripped Irish of their rights
After Catholics were stripped of their rights Irish became basically
tenant workers
how did North Ireland separate from Ireland
N. Ireland was mainly Protestant and Ireland was Catholic
IRA
irish republican army
IRA formed in
20th century
facts about IRA
- catholics
- goal was to join all of independent Ireland
- 1st modern day terrorists
- creator of car bombs
who was the first modern day terrorist
IRA
explain conflict between sudan, south sudan, and dafur
-Sudan are Arabic Muslims
-South Sudan are African Christians
-Dafur are Muslims
south sudan has all of country’s oil and wealth but they are landlocked so they have to go through sudan to get to the red sea
what is boko haram
forbidden for Muslims to take part in any political or social activities in any way affiliated with Western education
list facts about boko haram
- created a theocracy in places it controls(caliphates)
- formed terrorists groups
- want to create an Islamic state
- western education forbidden
- bombings and shootings
_____ US designated boko haram a terrorist organization
2013
zionists
Jewish nationalists
want a jewish homeland or state
Palestine used to be ruled by the ______ ______
ottoman empire
________ Palestine revolted against GB
1936
1947 - _________ __________ ________
Palestine partition plan
Palestine partition plan
discontiguous boundaries between israleis and palestinans
Israel won the ___ days war
6
when religion in its organized form becomes less significant in the lives of most people
secularism
ethnic religion
adherents are born into the faith and aren’t actively sought out (ex. Judaism)
Shintoism
Buddhism mixed with a local religion in Japan
-ethnic religion
Taoism
Chinese philosophy
-learn to live in harmony with nature
Feng Shui
art and science of organizing living spaces in order to channel the life forces that exist in nature in favorable ways
Confucianism
mainly a philosophy of life -urges of poor to assert themselves
jihad
Islamic holy war
