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AP Geo > religion > Flashcards

religion Flashcards

1
Q

define religion

A

a defined set of beliefs and actions that believers think that they and others should follow to achieve ultimate goals

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2
Q

what role does religion play in human geo

A

shapes the cultural landscape(buildings,clothes) and migration(hajj/pilgrimages)

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3
Q

what are the three categories of religion

A
  1. polytheistic
  2. monotheistic
  3. animistic
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4
Q

define intrafaith

A

conflicts within one religion

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5
Q

define interfaith

A

conflicts between two ore more religions

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6
Q

define secularism

A

the idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on Earth, not accommodated to the prescriptions of a deity and comfortable afterlives

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7
Q

animistic religion

A

the belief that inanimate objects and elements of the natural landscape possess souls and can help or hinder human efforts on earth

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8
Q

a belief system that believes that their is one true religion and try to convert others

A

universalizing religion

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9
Q

oldest of the 5 major faiths

A

hinduism

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10
Q

what is the hearth of Hinduism

A

Pakistan(now Muslim)

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11
Q

where is the current area of dominance of Hinduism

A

India

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12
Q

is there a single founder of Hinduism?

A

no

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13
Q

is there formal scripture for Hindus

A

no

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14
Q

what are Brahman’s manifestations?

A
  • Brahma
  • Shiva
  • Vishu
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15
Q

Brahma

A

creator of the universe

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16
Q

Shiva

A

destroyer of the world to recreate it

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17
Q

Vishu

A

preserver/protector of the universe

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18
Q

Hindu Beliefs/Concepts

A
  • Brahman = creator and head god
  • atman = soul
  • dharma = law
  • caste system
  • karma
  • samsara= idea of reincarnation
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19
Q

how do Hindus worship

A

individually

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20
Q

murti

A

Hindu shrines to one god

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21
Q

what are the major sects of Hinduism

A
  • Vaishnavism (70%)
  • Shivaism (20%)
  • Shakism
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22
Q

Vaishnavism

A

worships Vishnu who was reincarnated 7 times

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23
Q

How does Hinduism impact the cultural landscape

A
  • shrines/murti
  • temples
  • pilgramages
  • festivals
  • ritual bathing
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24
Q

describe Hindu temples

A
  • tall
  • grand
  • stairway to the front
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25
Q

who is the founder of Buddhism

A

Siddhartha Guatama (the Buddha)

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26
Q

where is the hearth of Buddhism

A

Nepal

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27
Q

where are the 3 current areas of dominance of Buddhism

A
  • Theraveda
  • Manayana
  • Tibetan
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28
Q

Theravada

A
  • Sri Lanka
  • Cambodia
  • Thailand
  • Laos
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29
Q

Manayana

A
  • Tibet
  • China
  • Taiwan
  • Japan
  • Korea
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30
Q

sacred texts of Buddhism

A

Tripitaka

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31
Q

Buddhist beliefs

A
  • no personal God – doesn’t exist to serve you
  • nothing is personal
  • Four Noble truths
  • three roots of evil
  • eightfold path
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32
Q

four noble truths

A
  • suffering
  • origin of suffering
  • cessation of suffering
  • path of cessation of suffering
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33
Q

what are the three roots of evil

A
  1. greed and desire
  2. ignorance and delusion
  3. hatred
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34
Q

what is the eightfold path

A
  1. right understanding = accept teachings
  2. right intention = commit to right attitudes
  3. right speech = speak truthfully and avoid gossip
  4. right action = behave peacefully ex. no stealing
  5. right livelihood = avoid making living in ways which cause harm
  6. right effort = positive state of mind free self from evil
  7. right mindfulness = awareness of body
  8. right concentration = mental focus necessary for awareness
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35
Q

Buddhisms impact on cultural landscape

A
  • pilgrimages

- pagodas and stupas (come to a point)

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36
Q

who is the founder of Judaism

A

Abraham and his son Isaac

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37
Q

where is the hearth of Judaism

A

Israel

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38
Q

diffusion of Judaism started in

A

70 AD during diaspora

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39
Q

diaspora

A

Jews fled from Jerusalem to Africa and central europe

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40
Q

Judaism is a ___________ religion

A

monotheistic

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41
Q

Judaism beliefs

A
  • nature of god = omniscient, no physical form, existed since beginning of time
  • covenant with god
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42
Q

Judaism’s holy books

A
  • Torah

- talmud

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43
Q

Judaism’s holy days

A
  • Shabbath or Sabbath
  • Yom Kippur
  • Hanukkah
  • Rosh Hashanan
  • Passpver
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44
Q

Yom Kippur

A

day of atonement where the fate for next year is sealed

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45
Q

Rosh Hashanan

A

New Year

46
Q

Orthodox Judaism

A

traditional
-men wear Yamakah
-Kosher(no pork)
conservative

47
Q

Judaism’s effect on cultural landscape

A
  • synagogue
  • Western Wall in Israel
  • Hanukkah
48
Q

Western wall

A

only wall left of the second temple of Solomon

49
Q

founder of Christianity

A

jesus

50
Q

hearth of Christianity

A

Israel/Palestine

51
Q

diffusion of Christianity

A
  • relocation
  • hierarchal
  • contagious
52
Q

areas of Christian dominance

A

Europe(European Colonization)

53
Q

Christianity is a __________ religion

A

monotheistic

54
Q

Christian salvation

A
  • jesus sacrificed himself to save us

- one must h ave salvation to go to heaven

55
Q

major divisions of christianity

A
  • catholic
  • eastern orthodox
  • protestant
56
Q

protestant rituals

A
  • communism

- baptism

57
Q

roman catholic rituals

A
  • baptism
  • first communion
  • confirmation
  • reconciliation/confession
  • holy orders
  • marriage
58
Q

Christianity’s affect on cultural landscape

A
  • cathedrals in shape of a cross

- eastern orthodox churches are onion dome

59
Q

founder of Islam

A

Mohammad

60
Q

hearth of islam

A

mecca

61
Q

holy book of Islam

A

Qur’an

62
Q

holy cities of Islam

A

Mecca and Medina

63
Q

islam is a _____________ religion

A

monotheistic

64
Q

Allah

A
  • eternal, omniscient, and umnipotent
  • no shape or form
  • just and merciful
65
Q

5 pillars of Islam

A
  • Sheldah = sincere reciting of faith
  • Salat = ritual prayers 5 times a day
  • Zakat = charity
  • Sawra = fasting during Ramadan
  • Hajj = pilgrimage to Mecca
66
Q

Muslim holy days

A
  • Eid al-Fitir

- Eis ul Adha

67
Q

Eid al-Fitir

A
  • at end of Ramadan
  • thankful to Allah for strength
  • time for forgiveness
  • new clothes and decorations
68
Q

Eid ul Adha

A
  • Ishma’il was the son to be sacrificed by Abraham
  • celebrates his complete obedience to god
  • sacrifice a domestic animal
69
Q

Islam’s affect on cultural landscape

A
  • women wearing a hijab
  • hajj
  • mosque
  • minaret
70
Q

divisions of Islam

A

Sunni and Shi’a

71
Q

Sunni Islam

A
  • majority

- Wahhabi Islam (conservative radical fundamentalists)

72
Q

Shi’a Islam

A

mostly in Iran

want leaders to be direct descendants of Ibrahim

73
Q

minaret

A

tower for a call to prayer for Muslims

74
Q

sharia law

A

laws that enforce religious Islamic code

75
Q

why do people try to convert others to their religion?

A
  • ordered to spread the faith
  • must ensure others behave properly or God will punish you for tolerating it
  • care about the fate of others souls
76
Q

discontigous borders

A

part of a country don’t even touch each other

77
Q

what are the 6 countries of the Horn of Africa

A
  • Eritrea
  • Djibouti
  • Somalia
  • Ethiopia
  • Sudan
  • Kenya
78
Q

fundamentalists

A

believe their religious text must be followed precisely

79
Q

extremists

A

fundamentalists but with violence

80
Q

1940s - Yugoslavia fragmented in WW2

A

Croats w/ Nazis and genocide with Serbs

81
Q

post WW2- 1981

A

Yugoslavia communist state non aligned w USSR

82
Q

Marshall Tito

A

totalitarian dictator of Yugoslavia

  • anyone who opposed disappeared
  • suppressed ethnic tensions
83
Q

When Marshall Tito dies __________ comes to power

A

Milosevic (Serbian)

84
Q

Milosevic favored __________ which led to the breaking up of Yugoslavia

A

Serbs

85
Q

how does the fragmentation of Yugoslavia affect Bosnia

A

-in the middle of the conflicts between Croatia and Serbia

86
Q

14th century-1700 GB colonialized ___________-

A

ireland

87
Q

GB brought in ___________ settlers into Ireland

A

scottish

88
Q

GB was Protestant and Ireland was Catholic so

A

stripped Irish of their rights

89
Q

After Catholics were stripped of their rights Irish became basically

A

tenant workers

90
Q

how did North Ireland separate from Ireland

A

N. Ireland was mainly Protestant and Ireland was Catholic

91
Q

IRA

A

irish republican army

92
Q

IRA formed in

A

20th century

93
Q

facts about IRA

A
  • catholics
  • goal was to join all of independent Ireland
  • 1st modern day terrorists
  • creator of car bombs
94
Q

who was the first modern day terrorist

A

IRA

95
Q

explain conflict between sudan, south sudan, and dafur

A

-Sudan are Arabic Muslims
-South Sudan are African Christians
-Dafur are Muslims
south sudan has all of country’s oil and wealth but they are landlocked so they have to go through sudan to get to the red sea

96
Q

what is boko haram

A

forbidden for Muslims to take part in any political or social activities in any way affiliated with Western education

97
Q

list facts about boko haram

A
  • created a theocracy in places it controls(caliphates)
  • formed terrorists groups
  • want to create an Islamic state
  • western education forbidden
  • bombings and shootings
98
Q

_____ US designated boko haram a terrorist organization

A

2013

99
Q

zionists

A

Jewish nationalists

want a jewish homeland or state

100
Q

Palestine used to be ruled by the ______ ______

A

ottoman empire

101
Q

________ Palestine revolted against GB

A

1936

102
Q

1947 - _________ __________ ________

A

Palestine partition plan

103
Q

Palestine partition plan

A

discontiguous boundaries between israleis and palestinans

104
Q

Israel won the ___ days war

A

6

105
Q

when religion in its organized form becomes less significant in the lives of most people

A

secularism

106
Q

ethnic religion

A

adherents are born into the faith and aren’t actively sought out (ex. Judaism)

107
Q

Shintoism

A

Buddhism mixed with a local religion in Japan

-ethnic religion

108
Q

Taoism

A

Chinese philosophy

-learn to live in harmony with nature

109
Q

Feng Shui

A

art and science of organizing living spaces in order to channel the life forces that exist in nature in favorable ways

110
Q

Confucianism

A

mainly a philosophy of life -urges of poor to assert themselves

111
Q

jihad

A

Islamic holy war

AP Geo (8 decks)

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