religion Flashcards
1
Q
define religion
A
a defined set of beliefs and actions that believers think that they and others should follow to achieve ultimate goals
2
Q
what role does religion play in human geo
A
shapes the cultural landscape(buildings,clothes) and migration(hajj/pilgrimages)
3
Q
what are the three categories of religion
A
- polytheistic
- monotheistic
- animistic
4
Q
define intrafaith
A
conflicts within one religion
5
Q
define interfaith
A
conflicts between two ore more religions
6
Q
define secularism
A
the idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on Earth, not accommodated to the prescriptions of a deity and comfortable afterlives
7
Q
animistic religion
A
the belief that inanimate objects and elements of the natural landscape possess souls and can help or hinder human efforts on earth
8
Q
a belief system that believes that their is one true religion and try to convert others
A
universalizing religion
9
Q
oldest of the 5 major faiths
A
hinduism
10
Q
what is the hearth of Hinduism
A
Pakistan(now Muslim)
11
Q
where is the current area of dominance of Hinduism
A
India
12
Q
is there a single founder of Hinduism?
A
no
13
Q
is there formal scripture for Hindus
A
no
14
Q
what are Brahman’s manifestations?
A
- Brahma
- Shiva
- Vishu
15
Q
Brahma
A
creator of the universe
16
Q
Shiva
A
destroyer of the world to recreate it
17
Q
Vishu
A
preserver/protector of the universe
18
Q
Hindu Beliefs/Concepts
A
- Brahman = creator and head god
- atman = soul
- dharma = law
- caste system
- karma
- samsara= idea of reincarnation
19
Q
how do Hindus worship
A
individually
20
Q
murti
A
Hindu shrines to one god
21
Q
what are the major sects of Hinduism
A
- Vaishnavism (70%)
- Shivaism (20%)
- Shakism
22
Q
Vaishnavism
A
worships Vishnu who was reincarnated 7 times
23
Q
How does Hinduism impact the cultural landscape
A
- shrines/murti
- temples
- pilgramages
- festivals
- ritual bathing
24
Q
describe Hindu temples
A
- tall
- grand
- stairway to the front
25
who is the founder of Buddhism
Siddhartha Guatama (the Buddha)
26
where is the hearth of Buddhism
Nepal
27
where are the 3 current areas of dominance of Buddhism
- Theraveda
- Manayana
- Tibetan
28
Theravada
- Sri Lanka
- Cambodia
- Thailand
- Laos
29
Manayana
- Tibet
- China
- Taiwan
- Japan
- Korea
30
sacred texts of Buddhism
Tripitaka
31
Buddhist beliefs
- no personal God -- doesn't exist to serve you
- nothing is personal
- Four Noble truths
- three roots of evil
- eightfold path
32
four noble truths
- suffering
- origin of suffering
- cessation of suffering
- path of cessation of suffering
33
what are the three roots of evil
1. greed and desire
2. ignorance and delusion
3. hatred
34
what is the eightfold path
1. right understanding = accept teachings
2. right intention = commit to right attitudes
3. right speech = speak truthfully and avoid gossip
4. right action = behave peacefully ex. no stealing
5. right livelihood = avoid making living in ways which cause harm
6. right effort = positive state of mind free self from evil
7. right mindfulness = awareness of body
8. right concentration = mental focus necessary for awareness
35
Buddhisms impact on cultural landscape
- pilgrimages
| - pagodas and stupas (come to a point)
36
who is the founder of Judaism
Abraham and his son Isaac
37
where is the hearth of Judaism
Israel
38
diffusion of Judaism started in
70 AD during diaspora
39
diaspora
Jews fled from Jerusalem to Africa and central europe
40
Judaism is a ___________ religion
monotheistic
41
Judaism beliefs
- nature of god = omniscient, no physical form, existed since beginning of time
- covenant with god
42
Judaism's holy books
- Torah
| - talmud
43
Judaism's holy days
- Shabbath or Sabbath
- Yom Kippur
- Hanukkah
- Rosh Hashanan
- Passpver
44
Yom Kippur
day of atonement where the fate for next year is sealed
45
Rosh Hashanan
New Year
46
Orthodox Judaism
traditional
-men wear Yamakah
-Kosher(no pork)
conservative
47
Judaism's effect on cultural landscape
- synagogue
- Western Wall in Israel
- Hanukkah
48
Western wall
only wall left of the second temple of Solomon
49
founder of Christianity
jesus
50
hearth of Christianity
Israel/Palestine
51
diffusion of Christianity
- relocation
- hierarchal
- contagious
52
areas of Christian dominance
Europe(European Colonization)
53
Christianity is a __________ religion
monotheistic
54
Christian salvation
- jesus sacrificed himself to save us
| - one must h ave salvation to go to heaven
55
major divisions of christianity
- catholic
- eastern orthodox
- protestant
56
protestant rituals
- communism
| - baptism
57
roman catholic rituals
- baptism
- first communion
- confirmation
- reconciliation/confession
- holy orders
- marriage
58
Christianity's affect on cultural landscape
- cathedrals in shape of a cross
| - eastern orthodox churches are onion dome
59
founder of Islam
Mohammad
60
hearth of islam
mecca
61
holy book of Islam
Qur'an
62
holy cities of Islam
Mecca and Medina
63
islam is a _____________ religion
monotheistic
64
Allah
- eternal, omniscient, and umnipotent
- no shape or form
- just and merciful
65
5 pillars of Islam
- Sheldah = sincere reciting of faith
- Salat = ritual prayers 5 times a day
- Zakat = charity
- Sawra = fasting during Ramadan
- Hajj = pilgrimage to Mecca
66
Muslim holy days
- Eid al-Fitir
| - Eis ul Adha
67
Eid al-Fitir
- at end of Ramadan
- thankful to Allah for strength
- time for forgiveness
- new clothes and decorations
68
Eid ul Adha
- Ishma'il was the son to be sacrificed by Abraham
- celebrates his complete obedience to god
- sacrifice a domestic animal
69
Islam's affect on cultural landscape
- women wearing a hijab
- hajj
- mosque
- minaret
70
divisions of Islam
Sunni and Shi'a
71
Sunni Islam
- majority
| - Wahhabi Islam (conservative radical fundamentalists)
72
Shi'a Islam
mostly in Iran
| want leaders to be direct descendants of Ibrahim
73
minaret
tower for a call to prayer for Muslims
74
sharia law
laws that enforce religious Islamic code
75
why do people try to convert others to their religion?
- ordered to spread the faith
- must ensure others behave properly or God will punish you for tolerating it
- care about the fate of others souls
76
discontigous borders
part of a country don't even touch each other
77
what are the 6 countries of the Horn of Africa
- Eritrea
- Djibouti
- Somalia
- Ethiopia
- Sudan
- Kenya
78
fundamentalists
believe their religious text must be followed precisely
79
extremists
fundamentalists but with violence
80
1940s - Yugoslavia fragmented in WW2
Croats w/ Nazis and genocide with Serbs
81
post WW2- 1981
Yugoslavia communist state non aligned w USSR
82
Marshall Tito
totalitarian dictator of Yugoslavia
- anyone who opposed disappeared
- suppressed ethnic tensions
83
When Marshall Tito dies __________ comes to power
Milosevic (Serbian)
84
Milosevic favored __________ which led to the breaking up of Yugoslavia
Serbs
85
how does the fragmentation of Yugoslavia affect Bosnia
-in the middle of the conflicts between Croatia and Serbia
86
14th century-1700 GB colonialized ___________-
ireland
87
GB brought in ___________ settlers into Ireland
scottish
88
GB was Protestant and Ireland was Catholic so
stripped Irish of their rights
89
After Catholics were stripped of their rights Irish became basically
tenant workers
90
how did North Ireland separate from Ireland
N. Ireland was mainly Protestant and Ireland was Catholic
91
IRA
irish republican army
92
IRA formed in
20th century
93
facts about IRA
- catholics
- goal was to join all of independent Ireland
- 1st modern day terrorists
- creator of car bombs
94
who was the first modern day terrorist
IRA
95
explain conflict between sudan, south sudan, and dafur
-Sudan are Arabic Muslims
-South Sudan are African Christians
-Dafur are Muslims
south sudan has all of country's oil and wealth but they are landlocked so they have to go through sudan to get to the red sea
96
what is boko haram
forbidden for Muslims to take part in any political or social activities in any way affiliated with Western education
97
list facts about boko haram
- created a theocracy in places it controls(caliphates)
- formed terrorists groups
- want to create an Islamic state
- western education forbidden
- bombings and shootings
98
_____ US designated boko haram a terrorist organization
2013
99
zionists
Jewish nationalists
| want a jewish homeland or state
100
Palestine used to be ruled by the ______ ______
ottoman empire
101
________ Palestine revolted against GB
1936
102
1947 - _________ __________ ________
Palestine partition plan
103
Palestine partition plan
discontiguous boundaries between israleis and palestinans
104
Israel won the ___ days war
6
105
when religion in its organized form becomes less significant in the lives of most people
secularism
106
ethnic religion
adherents are born into the faith and aren't actively sought out (ex. Judaism)
107
Shintoism
Buddhism mixed with a local religion in Japan
| -ethnic religion
108
Taoism
Chinese philosophy
| -learn to live in harmony with nature
109
Feng Shui
art and science of organizing living spaces in order to channel the life forces that exist in nature in favorable ways
110
Confucianism
mainly a philosophy of life -urges of poor to assert themselves
111
jihad
Islamic holy war
