Reliabilty & Validity

Question 1

Validity

Answer 1

Refers to whether observed effect is genuine.

Question 2

Reliabilty

Answer 2

Consistency

Question 3

Internal reliability

Answer 3

Measure of the extent to which something is consistent within itself.

Question 4

Internal validity

Answer 4

The degree a study or test is measuring what it intends to measure.

Question 5

External reliability

Answer 5

Extent to which a measure varies from one occasion to another

Low = large variation over time

Question 6

External validity

Answer 6

Degree to which a research fishing can be generalised to other people/situations

Question 7

Concurrent validity

Answer 7

Means of external validity by comparing an existing test/questionnaire with one you are interested in.

Question 8

Construct validity

Answer 8

Concern of internal validity where demonstrating the extent to which performance on the test measured an identifying underlying construct.

Question 9

Content validity

Answer 9

Concerns internal validity, Aims to demonstrate the the content of a test/measurement represents the area of interest

Question 10

Face valid

Answer 10

Form of external validity, the extent to which treat items look like what the test claims to measure.

Question 11

Predictive validity

Answer 11

Correlation g results of the test with some other example of behaviour being tested.

Question 12

Define test-retest method and what if tests

Answer 12

Test-retest method

Same test/interview is given to same P’s on two occasions to see if America results occur, tests external Reliabilty.

Question 13

Define the split-half method and state what it tests

Answer 13

Tests internal reliability by comparing two halves of a test to see if they produce the same score.

Question 14

Inter-rater reliability

Answer 14

The extent to which there is agreement between two or more observes involved in observations of behaviour.

Question 15

Name and define three validity issues

Answer 15

Researcher bias - anything the investigator does that has an effect on the P’s performance, indirect or direct effects and may act as confounding or extraneous variable.

Demand C - cue that makes P’s unconsciously aware of the aims of a study or helps P’s work out what the researcher expects to find.

Social desirability - distortion of the way people answer questions to present themselves in abetted light.

Question 16

Volunteer bias

Answer 16

Form of sampling bias caused by the fact that volunteer P’s are usually more highly motivated than randomly selected P’s.