Ethics

Question 1

Confidentiality

+ how it is applied and flaw of application

Answer 1

Trust that the data collected from a participant will be protected.

Applied by using numbers instead of names, but sometimes possible to use information provided to work out who the P is.

Question 2

Deception

+ why it is needed

+ How to counteract this issue

Answer 2

Participant not told the true aims of the study, leading to lack of consent.

Needed to avoid P effects, demand characteristics and ecological effects.

Debrief, however the P may still feel embarrassed and have lowered self-esteem.

Question 3

Privacy

Answer 3

Persons right to control the flow of information about themselves.

Question 4

Risk of harm

+ how to deal with this issue

+ flaws of this solution

Answer 4

Participants that experience negative psychological or physical effects (injury, lowered self esteem, embarrassment)

Avoid any risks greater than experienced in daily life, stop the study if this harm is suspected.

Harm my not be apparent at the time of study .

Question 5

Valid Consent

+ how it is applied

+ flaw of application

Answer 5

P’s given comprehensive info concerning nature of and their role in the study so hey can make an informed decision on whether or not to participate.

• P’s asked to formally sign document containing comprehensive info of study, where valid consent cannot be gain, presumptive consent is gained instead but researchers must offer right to withdraw.
• giving the p full info may invalidate study
• presumptive consent is what people expect an experience to be like which could be different to actually experiencing it.

Question 6

State the special ethical considerations paid into using vulnerable individuals in research.

Answer 6

Valid consent obtain from person legally responsible for the individual.

Consent of person responsible is obtained as vulnerable individual may not be capable of giving informed consent as are incapable of understanding the reasons for the research.

Question 7

State the special ethical guidelines involved with working with animals.

Answer 7

Research with animal governed by legislation e.g. ANIMALS SCIENTIFIC PROCEDURES ACT 1986.

Strict ethical guidelines in place for treatment of animals, alternatives to using animals are to be considered, if use of animals unavailable, researcher must follow strict guidelines regarding use of of species, care requirements etc.