RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY

Question 1

What is validity?

Answer 1

Appropriateness, meaningfulness and usefulness of any inferences a researcher draws based on data obtained.

Question 2

What is face validity?

Answer 2

Extent to which an instrument looks like it measures what it is meant to.

Question 3

What is content validity?

Answer 3

questionnaires actually measuring what you when them too. e.g: measuring height in cm is good, measuring intelligence through iq is not.

Question 4

What is predictive validity?

Answer 4

Criterion validity. Tells us how well a certain measure can predict future behaviour.

Question 5

What is concurrent validity?

Answer 5

comparing a new test to an existing one to see if it is similar.

Question 6

One weakness of concurrent validity:

Answer 6

Fastest way to validate data.

Question 7

One weakness of concurrent validity:

Answer 7

Less effective at predicting future behaviours

Question 8

What is construct validity?

Answer 8

Examines consistency between a test and what it claims to measure. Should be consistent with theory and the construct.

Question 9

2 ways to measure construct validity:

Answer 9

1. Convergent Validity: agrees with other measures of the same thing
2. Divergent Validity: doesn’t agree with measures of different things.

Question 10

What are the disadvantages of test-retest reliability:

Answer 10

1. pps get feedback before the retest which could affect performance.
2. Practice or carry over effects.
3. Could find out the purpose of the test = demand artefacts.

Question 11

What is split half reliability?

Answer 11

Concerned with internal test consistency. Assesses the extent to which all parts of the test contribute to what is being measured.
It compares half of 2 tests

Question 12

Weaknesses of split half reliability:

Answer 12

Only effective with large questionnaires.

Question 13

What is inter-rater reliability?

Answer 13

Extent to which 2 or more individuals agree with something. E.g how similarly people categorise items.

Question 14

What is internal validity?

Answer 14

Whether effects observed in the study are due to manipulation of the IV and another factor.

Question 15

What is external validity?

Answer 15

Extent to which results can be generalised to other settings, people and time.

Question 16

What are threats to internal validity?

Answer 16

Maturation effects, Testing effects, History effects, Statistical regression to the mean, instrumental effects, selection threats and compensatory rivalry.

Question 17

What are threats to external validity?

Answer 17

Demand characteristics, multiple-treatment interference, interaction of selection and treatment, reactive arrangements and interaction of testing and treatment.