DESIGN

Question 1

What are the 3 experimental designs?

Answer 1

Between-groups, Within-subjects and Mixed design.

Question 2

Is between-groups independent or repeated measures?

Answer 2

Independent measures.

Question 3

Is within-subjects independent or repeated measures?

Answer 3

Repeated measures.

Question 4

What is between-groups design?

Answer 4

Each participant is in only one condition, random allocation to group to reduce pre-existing group differences.

Question 5

Benefits of between-groups?

Answer 5

Straight forward design, no carry over effects and low sensitivity.

Question 6

Weaknesses of between-groups?

Answer 6

High number of pps needed.

Question 7

What is within-subjects design?

Answer 7

Each pp does all conditions

Question 8

Benefits of within-subjects?

Answer 8

No need to balance individual differences, fewer pps needed, convenient and effective and sensitive.

Question 9

Weaknesses of within-subjects?

Answer 9

Fatigue and carry over effects. Pps may interpret meaning of experiment and change behaviour accordingly. Solution is to counterbalance the order of the conditions so practice and fatigue effects are reduced.

Question 10

Is mixed design independent or repeated measures?

Answer 10

Repeated measures.

Question 11

What is a confounding variable?

Answer 11

A variable other than the IV that could’ve caused group means to be different.

Question 12

Disadvantages of experimental design?

Answer 12

Intrusive; pps know they’re being watched. Experimental biases. Fairly low external validity. Not everything can be examined in a lab.

Question 13

What is an extraneous variable?

Answer 13

Any factor other than the IV that might affect the DV.

Question 14

How do you handle extraneous/confounding variables?

Answer 14

Pre-test, randomise the variable, randomly assign pps to groups.

Question 15

What are the 3 true experimental designs? Variety of paradigm.

Answer 15

Post-test only/control
Pre & post test/control
Solomon 4 group design

Question 16

What is a Quasi-experimental design and the characteristics?

Answer 16

Experimenter doesn’t have control over how pps are allocated, sometimes no control. May lack control and random assignment, but have high external validity.

Question 17

What are the three quasi experimental designs?

Answer 17

One group post-test
One group pre & post test
Interrupted time series design
Non-equivalent control groups

Question 18

What is cross-sectional research design?

Answer 18

Studying different age cohorts. Uses a single point in time.

Question 19

What is longitudinal design?

Answer 19

Collects data on at least 2 occasions. Within-subjects design so can see changes in an individual over time. Some pps may drop out due to leaving the area, illness or death.

Question 20

What is sequential designs?

Answer 20

Selecting a sample from a particular condition but studying them at different times. E.g looking at 18 year old but studying 18 year olds in 1980, 18 year olds in 1990, 18 year olds in 2000, ect.