Relgions of China and Japan

Question 1

Geography

Answer 1

Civilizational traces along the Yellow River from about 2000 BCE

Question 2

Confucius

Answer 2

Founder of Confucianism
K’ungfu-tzu or “Master Kong” (ca.551-479 BCE)

Question 3

Analects (Lunyu)

Answer 3

Words of Confucius, as notes by his students

Question 4

Xunzi

Answer 4

Master Xun, third most prominent thinker after COnfucius and Mencius (ca. 310-219 BCE)

Question 4

Mencius (Mengzi)

Answer 4

the second most prominent thinker after Confucius (ca. 343-289 BCE)

Question 5

Xunzi

Answer 5

Master Xun, third most prominent thinker after COnfucius and Mencius (ca. 310-219 BCE)

Question 6

Neo-Confucianism

Answer 6

Scholars from 1100s beginning with Zhu Xi reworked Confucian thoughts (Buddhists and Daoist ideas incorporated)

Question 7

Ren

Answer 7

goodness, humaneness (characterized by kindness, mercy, or compassion); benevolence, highest Confucian virtue

Question 8

5 Relationship

Answer 8

1. Ruler and Minister (state official)
2. Parent and Child (traditional father and child)
3. Husband and Wife
4. Elder and younger siblings (translated as “brothers”)
5. Between friends (elder and younger)

Question 9

5 Confucian Classics

Answer 9

1. Book of Changes (Yijing or I Ching- manual of ancient divination)
2. Book of History (Shujing)
3. Book of Poetry(Shijing)
4. Book of Rites (Liji)
5. Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu)

Question 10

Li

Answer 10

Ritual, etiquette, social norms

Question 11

Shang-di (Shangdi)

Answer 11

Lord-on-High, supreme over host of deities

Question 12

Di

Answer 12

God

Question 13

Junzi

Answer 13

A person who follows or accepts Confucius thoughts “gentleman”

Question 14

Mandate of Heaven

Answer 14

cosmic moral force, Kings appointed by gods to serve the need of humans (shift from SHang to Zhou Dynasty)

Question 15

Dao

Answer 15

“all encompassing” way

Question 16

Wu-Wei

Answer 16

Acting naturally, not forcing, “Going with the flow”

Question 17

Ch’i(qi)

Answer 17

vital energy in the universe and in our bodies

Question 18

Ch’i-kung (qi gong)

Answer 18

breathing exercises to harmonize mind and body

Question 19

T’ai-chi chuan (Taiji quan)

Answer 19

daily practice to enter into harmony with the Dao

Question 20

Daodejing

Answer 20

foundational Daoist text purportedly written by Laozi

Question 21

Laozi (Loa tzu)

Answer 21

“old Master” author of Daodejing

Question 22

Xhuang Tzu (Zhuang Zi)

Answer 22

another important author of daoist text

Question 23

Yang

Answer 23

bright, masculine, like mountain

Question 24

Yin

Answer 24

Dark, feminine, like river

Question 25

Pure Land (Buddhism)

Answer 25

influenced by the texts of Mahayana sec from India, veneration of Omitofo (Buddha)

Question 26

Amitabha/Amida

Answer 26

celestial buddha according to the scriptures of Mahayana Buddhism. Amitabha is the principle buddha Pure Land

Question 27

Chan

Answer 27

Chinese pronunciation of dhyana or mediation

Question 28

Zen

Answer 28

Chan practices known in Japan (2 schools: 1. Rinzai and 2. Sato)
- How to achieve enlightenment is different

Question 29

Koan

Answer 29

Riddle given by the master to a student to facilitate thinking that exceeds logic (Rinzai)

Question 30

Za-zen

Answer 30

sitting meditation (Sato)

Question 31

Kami

Answer 31

Spirits that animate all living things, shrines built as adobes for them