Relationships Flashcards
Define socialization.
The process of learning to behave in a way that is acceptable to society.
What are agents of socialization?
The factors that influence affect out socialization e.g. parents, friends, siblings, teachers, media
Who studied socialization and what did he find?
Bowlby.
- involved not just the mother but the child’s interaction with the mother.
- children who were close to their mothers would have avoided predators and survived to adulthood.
- sensitive period in first 12months during which attachment must occur. If it doesn’t this will result in poor social and emotional development.
Define an attachment.
A strong emotional bond between caregiver (mother) and child.
What is an attachment figure?
The person to whom an infant forms an attachment with during the sensitive period.
Who was genie and what happened to her?
Genie was a feral child who was a victim of severe abuse, neglect, and social isolation. As a baby she was withheld care and attention. She was kept as socially isolated as possible , so from 20months till she reached the age of 13 years she was locked alone in a room. During this time she was left completely immobilized, forbade from interacting with anyone, provided with almost no stimulation, and was left severely malnourished.
The extent of her isolation prevented her from being exposed to any significant amount of speech, and as a result she did not acquire language during childhood.
Define maternal deprivation.
Refers to the separation from or loss of the mother as well as a failure to develop an attachment. It can result in reduced intelligence, increased aggression, depression and affectionless psychopathy.
What 4 key characteristics need to be present for a strong attachment to form?
1) Proximity Maintenance - infants desire to be near the attachment figure.
2) Safe Haven - ability to return to attachment figure for comfort when feeling scared.
3) Secure House - ability to perceive attachment figure as a base of security from which the infant can explore the surrounding environment.
4) Separation Distress- anxiety experienced when the attachment figure leaves or is absent.
What did Harry Harlow find?
- Originally though attachment was based on feeding
- monkeys spent more time with the cloth mother
- proving that warmth and stimuli are the stimuli for attachment and not just food.
Outline Ainsworth’s strange situation.
- developed to test and measure the quality of an infants attachment to their primary caregiver.
- 8 steps
- 3 attachment types , secure, avoidant and resistant
What are the 2 aspects of parenting that are deemed to be the most important?
- Responsiveness (level of support and affection shown by the parent)
- Control (extent to which parents control and regulate child’s behavior)
What is the name of the psychologist who studied Parenting?
Diana Baumrind
What are the 4 parenting styles?
- ) Authoritarian
- ) Authoritative
- ) Permissive
- ) Uninvolved
Define conflict.
The behavior that occurs when two parties perceive that they have incompatible goals, ideas or beliefs.
Define mirror-image perceptions.
Identical distorted perceptions about the other party when two parties are in conflict. (biased perceptions)
What are the three methods used to try and resolve conflicts by individuals?
- Imposed solutions e.g. parents
- Distributive solutions e.g. compromise but neither are satisfied
- Integrative solutions e.g. win-win solution
3 outside types of resolving conflict?
- Counselling
- Negotiation
- Mediation
