Memory 1

Question 1

Define Memory

Answer 1

Retention of Information. Information can be auditory, visual, olfactory, touch or a combination.

Question 2

What three processes must be executed in order for a memory to be formed?

Answer 2

1. Encoding - processes of converting info from sensory receptors into a useable form so it can be stored in memory
2. Storage - The retention of info in memory over time.
3. Retrieval - process of locating and recovering stored info from memory.

Question 3

What are the two memory models?

Answer 3

• Atkinson and Shiffrin’s Model of Memory

- Baddeley and Hitch’s Working Model of Memory.

Question 4

Explain Atkinson and Shiffrin’s model.

Answer 4

3 separate components.

1. ) Sensory memory
   - 5s or less
   - all info picked up by sensory receptors
2. ) Short-term memory
   - 30s
   - around 7 chunks of info
   - info lost due to decay and displacement
   - increased through chunking
3. ) Long term memory
   - 30s to forever
   - 2 types of LTM
   - procedural/implicit = not conscious, memory skills only
   - declarative/explicit = conscious, memory of facts skills and events. 2 types episodic (past personal events) and semantic (facts and info)

Question 5

Define rehearsal.

Answer 5

Enables info to be retained in STM longer than usual.

2 types, Maintenance (repetition) and Elaborative (mnemonics)

Question 6

What is the Serial Position effect ?

Answer 6

recall is better for items at the end and beginning of a list than for the middle.

Question 7

Explain Baddeley and hitch’s model

Answer 7

• memories don’t exist pre-packaged
• stm is active not just a store
• working memory is made up of the phonological loop, central executive, visio-spatial sketchpad and the episodic buffer