Nervous System 1 Flashcards
What is the cerebellum?
- posture and balance
- co-ordination of smooth muscle movement
What is the pons?
- relay station between the forebrain and the cerebellum.
- eye movements, chewing, facial expressions
What is the medulla?
-adjusts vital bodily functions to do with HR, breathing and blood vessel dilation
What is the Reticular formation?
-important in sleep, arousal and attention
What is the midbrain?
- receives messages from all senses except smell and sends them on to higher brain regions
- coordinates with the cerebellum
What is the forebrain?
-how we think feel and behave
What is the thalamus?
processes and sends on sensory information to higher brain areas.
What is the hypothalamus?
-maintains homeostasis
What is the cerebrum?
- outer layer is known as the cerebral cortex (made of grey matter)
- cortex has 2 halves (right and left hemispheres) separated by a longitudinal fissure)
What are the cerebral cortex functions?
- ) thinking, reasoning, learning
- ) memory
- ) intelligence
- ) sense of responsibility
- ) perception of senses
- ) initiation and control of voluntary muscle contraction
What is the frontal lobe associated with?
-higher mental abilities (thinking, planning and decision making)
What is the temporal lobe associated with?
- auditory perception
- memory
What is the parietal lobe associated with?
- interpreting and processing bodily sensations (temp, touch, pain)
- spatial awareness (reading, writing and maths)
What is the occipital lobe associated with?
- info from the retina of the eye
- identifies colour
Where is brocas area and what does it control?
- frontal lobe
- produces speech
Where is wenickes area and what does it control?
- temporal lobe
- comprehension of speech
Define Aphasia
An inability to comprehend and formulate language
Brocas aphasia : slow, non-fluent speech that is not grammatically accurate.
Wernicke’s aphasia : difficulty understanding and delivering meaningful speech (it is nonsensical)
Define Ataxia
A loss of full control of co-ordination of voluntary muscle movements
Define epilepsy
Disruption of the normal electrochemical activity of the brain that results in seizures
Define paraplegia
Lower parts of the body are paralyzed due to lower spinal cord damage
Define quadriplegia
arms and legs are paralyzed due to upper spinal cord damage
Define Homunculus
The relative size of each area of the body represented in the motor cortex and primary sensory cortex directly corresponds to the amount of information being transmitted to or from the brain.
What is a neuron and what are the three types of neurons?
- Neurons are specialized cells which are the basic structural unit of the nervous system
1. ) Afferent (sensory) = carry impulses to the CNS
2. ) Efferent (motor) = carry impulses away from the CNS
3. ) Connector (interneuron) =connect sensory and motor neurons
State the types of neurotransmitters and their functions.
Dopamine = pleasure, stress, learning, mood regulation Serotonin = mood boosting, appetite and sleep Noradrenaline = fight or flight response, memory retrival Endorphins = regulates feelings and perceptions of pain
