Relationship Between Ownership And Control Of The Media And Globalisation

Question 1

What is the media

Answer 1

1. Communication and technology e.g. phones, TV, Laptop
2. Instiutuons and organisation e.g. BBC, Google
3. Products made my institutions e.g. games, films
4. State funded media e.g. BBC/ privately owned e.g. Sky, ITV

Question 2

Define traditional media

Answer 2

Single mode of communication to address a mass audience e.g TV

Question 3

Define new media

Answer 3

Multiple producers interacting with multiple readers (many > many)

Question 4

Give stats on the power of the media

Answer 4

2014 study - 96% of ppl had a digital TV and 77% had internet broadband connection

Question 5

What has Bauman found

Answer 5

During the last 30 years more info has been produced in the world during the past 5000 years

Question 6

Give two laws that restrict medias freedoms

Answer 6

1. 2010 equality act - forbid opinions that encourage hatred to ethnic or reigious groups
2. Laws of libel - forbid publification of untrue statements

Question 7

How has the IPSO helped regualte the leverson enquiry

Answer 7

IPSO regualte newspapers and magzines - maintain journalism standards set by editors to deal with accuracy, invasion of privacy and intrusion of grief

Question 8

How do govt influence and control media output

Answer 8

• Electronic surveillance of emails, monitoring of webistes and intercepts of mobile calls
• off the record briefings which are reported in the form of “a source close to the govt said”

Question 9

What does Badikian say about media owndership

Answer 9

• media owners are like lord of the global village they dominate through different meaures e.g.
  1. Vertical (sky) and horizontal intergration
  2. Diversification & conglomeration (virgin planes, tv, bank, webiste)
  3. Synergy same product different forms (harry potter game, lego, books)

Question 10

Define ideology

Answer 10

Set of ideas, values and beliefs that represent the outlookcand justfiies interests of a social group

Question 11

What is the marxist opinion on media and ideology

Answer 11

Media acts as an ISA which induces false consciousness = lack of awareness of people interests and everyone benefits from the current organisation of society which is fair

Question 12

What is the traditional marxist view of media

Answer 12

Owners - directly control media content & manipulate the audience
Media content - spread capitalist ideology of RC and managers and journalists are linited by what owners tell them what to do
Audience - passive and unquestionably swallow the readings fed to them. Those reading the sun have a reading age of 8

Question 13

What does curran and Seaton suggest of media owners

Answer 13

Media owers interfere & manipulate content at the expense of journalists to protect their interests
E.g Murdoch - forced 175 worldwide newspapers to adopt his views on the iraq war

Question 14

Give two criticisms of trad marxist theory

Answer 14

1. Audiences are not that gullible - people can reject interpretations fed to them by the media
2. Pluralist & neopheliacs - growth of citizen journalism gives power to ordinary people to share their interpretations on events

Question 15

What is the neo marxist approach to media

Answer 15

Owners - don’t have direct control but some influence
Hegemony - acceptance of RC and other classes are persuaded to accept the beliefs and form a consensus that becomes oart of everyday common sense

Question 16

What is the GMG

Answer 16

White, middle class journalists which give white centred view = limits views and opinions of media
E.g. George Floyd death was less about the death and more about Looting

Question 17

What can we conclude about this

Answer 17

Media content does spread the dominant ideology but it includes critical content which helps attracts an audience = makes money for owners and portrays there is unbiased nature in media

Question 18

2 critisims of the hegemonic approach

Answer 18

1. Agenda setting and gatekeeping mean audiences have little choice of media content
2. Pluralists - the rise of new globalised digital media has put controls of media content into the hands of media users

Question 19

What is the pluralist approach

Answer 19

Power in society is spread among interests of groups and individuals
Media owners - have no control and are driven by consumers and media needs to be responsive in order to survive
Media managers and journalists - as long as they attract audiences and make profit they have high independance
Audience - are active and new media allows anyone to share and publish their ideas

Question 20

Give to critiques of the pluralist approach

Answer 20

• Journalists work on constraints placed on them by owners whilst having freedom
• Media owners appoint editors & top managers with similar outlook on the world which causes one message to come out

Question 21

What is popular culture

Answer 21

produced for mass audience nd enjoyed in the masses e.g. mainstream TV, pop music etc.

Question 22

What is high culture

Answer 22

associated with lasting artistic value seen as elite, special, respectable
e.g. classical music, museums, theatre trips

Question 23

Who talks about the distinction between PC and HC

Answer 23

postmodernists = differences are weakening.

- original music can be accessed at home without visiting special institutions e.g. Beethoven can be listened on YT

Question 24

Who expands on postmodernist view of changing distinctions

Answer 24

Giddings:
forms of HC are used in PC markets which now bring together art, classical music etc
-The internet (GOOGLE) helps ppl build their own private virtual museums & galleries

Question 25

What is the Frankfurt school of thought

Answer 25

PC is a form of social control.

The content is escapist, unethical & dumbed down creating an unthinking audience

Question 26

Who states that mass culture is repression

Answer 26

Marcuse:

Mass culture undermines critical thought. Its all entertainment and repression as we re compelled to conform

Question 27

Who rejects Marcuse’s view

Answer 27

Strinati:

There is no single mass culture people choose what to consume

Question 28

Who found that Opera writers see their role as an educator

Answer 28

• Their stories include: homophobia, child abuse, rape, addiction etc.
• These controversies dominate red top tabloids promoting public discussion

Question 29

what is global popular culture and what does it lead to

Answer 29

• Global culture = increasingly similar products and ways around the globe
  This leads to cultural hemogenization = process where culture becomes ‘uniform’ alike