Relaibilty in Diagnosis And Claffication Of SZ

Question 1

What does inner- rater reliability mean?m

Answer 1

How many medical professionals use the sake diagnoses for SZ

Question 2

Give four reasons why there is poor reliability in the diagnosis of SZ?

Answer 2

There has been different criteria used to diagnose SZ/ difficult to define the boundaries between SZ and other disorders/
Cannot get objective opinion diagnosis relied on interpretation/ relies on patients explaining health symptoms

Question 3

What did Davison et al find in cu,trial bias effecting SZ?

Answer 3

More likely to diagnose a patient as SZ if they were African- American

Question 4

What did Fernando find when searching into the cultural biases when diagnosing SZ?

Answer 4

Caribbean people in the UK are more likely to be diagnosed with SZ and are more likely to be tranquilliser than white people

Question 5

Define reliability

Answer 5

If an experiment can be replicated and still achieve the same and if the results are still consistent

Question 6

Give another reason why there are differences in the diagnosis of SZ

Answer 6

It reflects culture of only white Europeans which causes psychiatrists to over/underestimate psychological problems in other cultures

Question 7

How does havung the DSM and ICD (or both of them used together)improve the reliability of diagnosis in different cultures?

Answer 7

It eliminates diagnostic differences so that they are very similar and it standardised the diagnosis so that it is improve

Question 8

What other diagnostic tools improve the reliability of the diagnosis of SZ?

Answer 8

Schneider criteria/ research diagnostic criteria/ St Louis criteria

Question 9

What did the patients do when going into the hospital?

Rosenhan (Procedure )

Answer 9

Told hospital that they were hearing voices and we’re feeling empty and hollows/ they described their life events accurately and invented no more symptoms/ non had a history of psychritaruc disturbance

Question 10

Give three examples of the fake patients life in the hospital
(Rosenhan procedure)

Answer 10

They were instructed to behave normally/ talked to other patients and wrote down observations/ they did not take medication but followed other hospital rules

Question 11

What did Roseenhan find from the study?

Answer 11

All the fake patients were diagnosed with SZ, the range of stay was 7/52 days

Question 12

What conclusions did Rosenhan make from her study?

Answer 12

Psychiatrists failed to detect the sanity of the normal patients/ misdiagnosis was made to the fact that they had a strong bias towards type 2 errors (calling a healthy person sick)/ this label lead to normal behaviours being overlooked

Question 13

Define validity

Answer 13

When a test tests what it is meant to tests/ how accurate it is

Question 14

What is symptom overlap?

Answer 14

When symptoms of different illnesses overlap so the actual illness is difficult to discover

Question 15

How does symptom overlap effect the validity of SZ?

Answer 15

It is difficult to differentiate between SZ snd mania for example, if wrongly diagnosed could lead to wring treatment

Question 16

What is co-morbidity?

Answer 16

Two different disorders at the same time

Question 17

How does co-morbidity effect the validity of the diagnoses of SZ?

Answer 17

When symptoms cohabitate e.g OCD + SZ it can be difficult to know which disorder to treat first

Question 18

Give four examples of gender bias in the diagnose of SZ

Answer 18

Women are more likely to diagnosed of SZ/ more men are disguised after -7/ women are more likely to be expressive/ most psychologists are males

Question 19

What are the implications if there is not a valid diagnosis of SZ?

Answer 19

Could get wrong treatment so you remain unwell/ stigma/ in Japan the who family will be diagnosed