Rejections of Liberalism (Vocab) Flashcards
a French word that refers to the social class that evolved in Europe during the Middle Ages with the development of cities and the growth in trade.
Bourgeoisie
an ideology based on the belief that the oppressed working class must overcome its property-owning oppressors through revolution so that together they can work towards becoming a classless society in which property is owned by the community and all people share in the production of goods and the benefits of production
Communism
a socialist ideology that evolved from interpretations of Karl Marx’s idea that the working class should overthrow the capitalist class and establish a classless society where the property would be owned by the state.
Marxism
a term used by Karl Marx to refer to the class of industrial workers whose only asset is the labour that they sell to an employer.
Proletariat
a sudden, radical, or complete change in political organization
Revolution
an ideology based on the belief that collectivist values should be the foundation for political, economic, and social life
Socialism
a form of government in which the leader is not elected and does not respect the will of the people
Authoritarian
a form of monarchy in which the monarch rules in their own right or power.
Absolute monarchy
a system of government by one person with absolute power
Autocracy
restricting freedom of expression or freedom of access to ideas or works, usually by governments, and usually to protect the perceived common good; may be related to speech, writing, art, religion, or military matters
Censorship
French for ‘stroke of state’, also known as an overthrow, seizure, and removal of a government and its powers
Coup d’état
a form of government in which one person or a small group possesses absolute power. Dictators, who are not accountable to the citizens over whom they rule, often use force or fraud to gain political power, which they maintain through intimidation, terror, the repression of civil liberties, and propaganda
Dictatorship
an authoritarian system of government (a dictatorship) that includes extreme militaristic nationalism, a belief in the rule of elites, and a totalitarian society in which individual interests are subordinated to the good of the nation-state. Fascism rejects the ideas of both liberal democracy and communism or socialism
Fascism
the process of teaching a person or group to accept a set of beliefs uncritically
Indoctrination
a military or political group that rules a country after taking power by force
Junta
a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution
Oligarchy
information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view
Propaganda
a person who is blamed for the wrongdoings, mistakes, or faults of others
Scapegoat
relating to a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state
Totalitarian
the advocacy or existence of an elite as a dominating element in a system or society
Elitism
a political ideology characterized by an extremely right-wing view and supported by a totalitarian government
Fascism
a rise in prices related to an increase in the volume of money and resulting in the loss of value of the currency
Inflation
a political party founded by Adolf Hitler that ruled Germany from 1920 to 1933. The predecessor to the Nazi Party was the German Workers’ Party
National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi Party)
a central government or authority
State
Germany’s obligation to give money for the reconstruction of countries damaged by war
War Reparation Payments
a name used to describe Germany from 1919 to 1933
Weimar Republic
to declare territory belongs to another country
Annex
racism toward Jewish people
Anti-semitism
a German organization that replaced unions and made new labour laws that went against liberal values
German Labour Front
extreme inflation in which the price of a product increases at an alarming rate
Hyperinflation
complete government control of industries
Nationalization
the legalization of persecution of Jewish citizens
Nuremberg Laws
hostility to or prejudice against Jewish people
Anti-semitism
the act of making distinctions between people based on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they belong or are perceived to belong that are disadvantageous.
Discrimination
a fringe set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population. Historically, eugenicists have attempted to alter human gene pools by excluding people and groups judged to be inferior or promoting those judged to be superior.
Eugenics
the intentional destruction of a people in whole or in part. In 1948, the United Nations Genocide Convention defined genocide as acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.
Genocide
also known as the Shoah, it was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe’s Jewish population
Holocaust
consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be both scientific and factual but are incompatible with the scientific method.
Pseudoscience
discrimination and prejudice towards people based on their race or ethnicity. Racism can be present in social actions, practices, or political systems that support the expression of prejudice or aversion in discriminatory practices.
Racism
the idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better. Social Darwinism has been used to justify imperialism, racism, eugenics and social inequality at various times over the past century and a half.
Social Darwinism
an organization of workers who have common goals, such as working conditions and wages
Abdicate
a political party created by Lenin. The goal was to overthrow the Czar and establish communism based on Lenin’s slogan, “Peace! Land! Bread!”
Bolshevik Party
Russian revolutionaries, led by Lenin, who followed the ideas of Marx
Bolsheviks
business-owning class
Bourgeoisie
a political party that promotes equality of rights under strict government control
Communist Party
an elected legislative assembly established by Czar Nicolas II in 1905
Duma
a government building in Russia/the Soviet Union
Kremlin
a government that legalizes only one political party
One-party state
industrial workers
Proletariat
a temporary government in place until a general election can be held
Provisional government
an organization of workers who have common goals, such as working conditions and wages
Trade union
a system of Soviet labour camps and accompanying detention and transit camps and prisons
Gulags
the process of teaching a person or group to accept a set of beliefs uncritically
Indoctrination
Soviet secret police and intelligence agency
KGB
removal of individuals who are deemed to be a threat to power or a menace to society
Purge
an economy based on a central government making all economic decisions for the country
Centrally planned economy
a policy adopted by Stalin that combined small farms into larger, government-controlled farm
Collectivization
an economy that is controlled by a central government, as in the former Soviet Union
Command economy
an attempt to make the distribution of resources fairer between all members of society
Economic equality
severe lack of food causing widespread starvation
Famine
the state planning committee responsible for the economic planning of the Soviet Union
Gosplan
prosperous farmers from Ukraine who opposed collectivization
Kulaks
Lenin’s economic policy of limited private ownership
New Economic Policy (NEP)
a way of organizing business based on private ownership of property, and operated by individuals who hope to make a profit from their activities and who bear any risk associated with those activities
Private enterprise
a predetermined amount of product a person or group must produce
Quota
Soviet currency (money)
Ruble
highest organ of state power
Supreme Soviet
an economic and political policy in Russia from 1918 to 1921 that included nationalization of industries, food rationing, and required labour duties
War Communism
