reinforcer

Question 1

Behavior that occurs as collateral effect of a schedule of periodic reinforcement for other behavior.

Answer 1

Adjunctive Behaviors

Question 2

Provides reinforcement when the response requirement of any of two or more simultaneously available component schedules are met

Answer 2

Alternative Schedule (alt)

Question 3

The phenomenon in which a change in one component of a multiple schedule that increases or decreases the rate of responding on that component is accompanied by a change in rate in the opposite direction on the unaltered component

Answer 3

Behavioral Contrast

Question 4

schedule of reinforcement in which the response requirements of two or more schedules must be met in specific sequence before reinforcement delivered; SD associated with each component

Answer 4

Chained Schedule (Chain)

Question 5

A schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more elements of CRF, INT, differential reinforcement (DRH, DRL, etc.), and extinction.

Answer 5

Compound Schedule of Reinforcement

Question 6

A schedule of reinforcement in which two or more contingencies of reinforcements operate independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviors

Answer 6

Concurrent Schedule (conj)

Question 7

A schedule of reinforcement that provides reinforcement for each occurrence of the target behavior

Answer 7

Continuous Reinforcement (CRF)

Question 8

schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is delivered at the end of a pre-determined interval contingent on the # of responses emitted being fewer than a gradually decreasing criterion

Answer 8

Differential Reinforcement of diminishing rates (DRD)

Question 9

schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is provided at the end of a pre-determined interval contingent on the # of responses emitted being greater than a gradually increasing criterion

Answer 9

Differential Reinforcement of High Rates (DRH)

Question 10

schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement (a) follows each occurrence of the target behavior that is separated from the previous by a min. interresponse time or (b)is contingent on the number of responses within a period of time not exceeding a predetermined criterion

Answer 10

Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates (DRL)

Question 11

schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is delivered for the first response emitted following the passage of a fixed duration of time since the last response was reinforced

Answer 11

Fixed Interval (FI)

Question 12

schedule of reinforcement required a fixed number of responses for reinforcement

Answer 12

Fixed Ratio (FR)

Question 13

A measure of temporal locus, the time elapsed between two successive responses

Answer 13

Intermittent Schedule (INT)

Question 14

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on a response being different in some specified way from the previous response or a specified number of previous responses

Answer 14

Lag Schedule

Question 15

situation in which reinforcement is only available during a finite time following the elapse of an FI or VI interval

Answer 15

Limited Hold

Question 16

The allocation of responses to choices available on concurrent schedules of reinforcement; rates of responding are distributed in proportions that match the rates of reinforcement for each choice alternative

Answer 16

Matching Law

Question 17

A compound schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more basic schedules of reinforcement that occur in alternating sequence; no SD is correlated with each element

Answer 17

Mixed Schedule (Mix)

Question 18

A compound schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more basic schedules of reinforcement that occur in an alternating sequence; an SD is correlated with each element.

Answer 18

Multiple Schedule (Mult)

Question 19

The absence of responding for a period of time following reinforcement; an effect commonly produced by FI and FR schedules of reinforcement

Answer 19

Post Reinforcement Pause

Question 20

A schedule that systematically thins each successive reinforcement opportunity independent of the individual’s behavior

Answer 20

Progressive Schedule

Question 21

variation of the FR schedule of reinforcement that increases the ratio requirements incrementally within the session

Answer 21

Progressive Ratio (PR)

Question 22

A behavioral effect associated with abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser to thinner reinforcement schedules

Answer 22

Ratio Strain

Question 23

rule specifying the environmental arrangements and response requirements for reinforcement; a description of a contingency of reinforcement

Answer 23

Schedule of Reinforcement

Question 24

Changing a contingency of reinforcement by gradually increasing the response ratio or the extent of the time interval; results in a lower rate of reinforcement per responses and/or time

Answer 24

Schedule Thinning

Question 25

schedule of reinforcement in which the response requirements of two or more schedules must be met in specific sequence before reinforcement delivered; NO SD associated with elements of the chain

Answer 25

Tandem Schedule (tand)

Question 26

schedule of reinforcement that provides reinforcement for the first correct response following the elapse of variable durations of time; mean duration of intervals describes the schedule

Answer 26

Variable Interval (VI)

Question 27

A schedule of reinforcement requiring a varying number of responses for reinforcement; mean number of responses describes the schedule

Answer 27

Variable Ratio (VR)

Question 28

Reinforcement that occurs independent of the social mediation of others

Answer 28

Automatic Reinforcement

Question 29

A stimulus change that functions as a reinforcer because of prior pairing with one ore more other reinforcers

Answer 29

Conditioned Reinforcer

Question 30

A conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with many other reinforcers and does not depend on an establishing operation for any particular form of reinforcement for its effectiveness

Answer 30

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer

Question 31

A response followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus change that results in similar responses occurring more often

Answer 31

Positive Reinforcement

Question 32

stimulus whose presentation or onset functions as a reinforcement

Answer 32

Positive Reinforcer

Question 33

A principle that states that making the opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior contingent on the occurrence of a low frequency behavior. Sometimes called “grandma’s law”

Answer 33

Premack Principle

Question 34

A variety of direct, empirical methods for presenting one or more stimuli contingent on a target responses and measuring their effectiveness as reinforcers

Answer 34

Reinforcer Assessment

Question 35

A model for predicting whether contingent access to one behavior will function as reinforcement for engaging in another behavior based on whether access to the contingent behavior presents restriction of the activity compared to baseline

Answer 35

Response-deprivation hypothesis

Question 36

Behavior controlled by a rule enables human behavior to come under the indirect control of temporally remote or improbably consequences

Answer 36

Rule Governed Behavior

Question 37

A contingency in which an antecedent stimulus and/or the consequence for the behavior is presented by another person

Answer 37

Socially mediated contingencies

Question 38

variety of procedures used to determine the stimuli that a person prefers, relative preference values of stimuli, conditions under which preference values remain in effect, and presumed value as reinforcers

Answer 38

Stimulus Preference Assessment

Question 39

A stimulus change that increases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it regardless of the organism’s learning history with the stimulus

Answer 39

Unconditioned Reinforcer

Question 40

A contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus

Answer 40

Avoidance Contingency

Question 41

A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a negative reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more negative reinforcers

Answer 41

Conditioned Negative Reinforcer

Question 42

A contingency in which responding in the presence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer

Answer 42

Discriminated Avoidance

Question 43

A contingency in which a response terminates an ongoing stimulus

Answer 43

Escape Contingency

Question 44

A contingency in which responses at any time during an interval prior to the scheduled onset of an aversive stimulus delays the presentation of the aversive stimulus

Answer 44

Free-operant avoidance

Question 45

A contingency in which the occurrence of a response is followed immediately by the termination, reduction, postponement, or avoidance of a stimulus which leads to an increase in the future occurrence of similar responses

Answer 45

Negative Reinforcement

Question 46

A stimulus that functions as a negative reinforcer as a result of the evolutionary development of the species; no prior learning is involved

Answer 46

Unconditioned Negative Reinforcement