Regulations Flashcards
What required documents must you have when acting as PIC?
- Non-expired government issued photo ID
- Pilot certificate (with flight review if needed)
- Current medical certificate applicable to the pilot privileges for that flight
What are some ways to meet the requirements of a flight review?
61.56
- Complete a flight review with an examiner
- Pass a checkride for any additional certificate/rating
- Complete 1 or more phases of the FAA’s pilot proficiency awards program (WINGS)
If you are a commercial pilot, but going on a flight exercising only a private pilot certificate, what certificate limitations must you abide by?
You are limited by the private pilot limitations.
- You are limited by the privileges of the certificate you are exercising for that flight.
Pilot regulations
Experience
- 61.57
Responsibility
- Authority (91.3)
- ATC instructions (91.123)
- Preflight action (91.103)
- Safety belts (91.107)
- Flight crew at station (91.105)
Cautions
- Careless or reckless operations (91.13)
- Dropping objects (91.15)
- Alcohol or drugs (91.17)
- Supplemental oxygen (91.211)
- Fitness for flight (AIM chapter 8, section 1)
Aircraft regulations
Airworthiness
- Basic (91.7)
- Flight manual, markings, placards (91.9)
- Certifications required (91.203)
- Instrument and equipment requirements (91.205)
– ELT (91.207)
– Position lights (91.209)
–Transponder requirements (91.215)
– Inoperative instruments and equipment (91.213)
Maintenance
- Responsibility (91.403)
- Maintenance required (91.405)
- Maintenance records (91.417)
- Operation after maintenance (91.407)
Inspections
- Annual, ADs, 100 hour (91.409)
- Altimeter and pitot static system (91.411)
- VOR check (91.171)
- Transponder (91.413) and ELT (91.207)
Environment regulations
Airports
- Markings (AIM chapter 2, section 3)
- Operations (AIM 4-3, 91.126, 91.125)
- Traffic patterns (91.126)
Airspace
- Altimeter settings (91.121, AIM 7-2)
- Minimum safe altitudes (91.119, 91.177)
- Cruising altitudes (91.159, 91.179, AIM 3-1-5)
- Speed limits (91.117)
- Right of way (91.113)
- Formation (91.111)
Types of Airspace
- Controlled airspace (AIM 3-2, 91.135, 91.131, 91.130, 91.129)
- Class G (AIM 3-3)
- Special Use (AIM 3-4, 91.133, 91.137, 91.141, 91.143, 91.145)
- Emergency air traffic rules (91.139, AIM 5-6)
Air traffic control and procedures
- Services (4-1)
- Radio communications (4-2 and pilot/controller glossary)
- Clearances (4-4)
- Procedures (AIM 5)
Weather
- Meteorology (AIM 7-1)
- Wake turbulence (AIM 7-3)
What is the minimum aeronautical experience required to become a commercial pilot?
- 250 hours total time (can credit up to 50 hours of AATD time if the training device matches the class of aircraft to be used for the checkride)
- 100 hours PIC
- 50 hours XC PIC
- 20 hours commercial training
- 10 hours instrument training using VLD
- 10 hours TAA or complex time
- 2 hour day and 2 hour night XC at least 100 NM ??????
- 10 hours ASEL duties of PIC / 10 hours solo
- 300 NM commercial XC
- 5 hours night VFR duties of PIC
- 10 TOL’s night VFR @ towered airport
What are the privileges and limitations of holding a commercial pilot certificate?
Privileges
May act as PIC of an aircraft -
- Carrying persons or property for hire
- For compensation or hire
Limitations
- May not carry passengers for hire in excess of 50 NM or at night if the person does not have an instrument rating
With a commercial pilot certificate -
Can you act as PIC for compensation or hire if someone else provides the aircraft?
a. Can you act as PIC if you provide both the piloting service and the aircraft?
b. What is a “wet lease” and a “dry lease”?
Yes, this would be considered a “dry lease” flight. You can charge for your piloting services.
a. No, this would be considered “holding out” or a “wet lease”. You cannot “hold out” your hand asking for money for your plane and service.
b. Wet lease - Leasing agreement in which a person provides the aircraft and at least one crewmember. The lessor maintains operational control.
Dry lease - Leasing of an aircraft without crew. Lessee exercises operational control.
Common carriage vs. private carriage
a. Can you engage in common carriage with a commercial pilot certificate? Private carriage?
Private carriage - Carriage for hire which does not involve holding out. Carriage for one or more several selected customers, generally on a long term basis. The number of contracts may not be too great, otherwise it implies a willingness to make a contract with anybody. Private carriage operations require an issuance of an operator’s certificate.
Common carriage - Common carriage refers to to the carriage of passengers or cargo as a result of advertising the availability of the carriage to the public. A carrier becomes a common carrier when it holds itself out to the public, or to a segment of the public, as willing to furnish transportation within the limits of its facilities to any person who wants it. There are 4 elements in defining a common carrier:
1) A holding out or a willingness
2) to transport persons or property
3) from place to place
4) for compensation or hire
a. You may not engage in common carriage with a commercial pilot certificate (without a commercial operation certificate), but you may engage in private carriage.
AC 120-12a
What is “holding out”?
a. What are some ways of holding out?
Willingness to furnish transportation within the limits of it’s facilities to any person who wants it.
a. Through the use of agents, agencies, salespeople, print publications, internet, websites, social media, apps, email, or personal solicitation and reputation/course of conduct
What are the requirements to be eligible to be a commercial pilot?
PALMEET
- Private pilot
- At least 18 years of age
- Medical certificate (current), at least 3rd class)
- Experience - required aeronautical experience
- Endorsement - required ground and flight training
- Test - CAX
What are the types of operations that require a Part 119 certificate?
a. What commercial operations do not require a commercial operator’s (part 119) certificate?
1) Direct air carrier
2) U.S. commercial operator
3) Operations when common carriage is not involved as an operator of U.S. registered civil airplanes with a seat configuration of 20 or more passengers or a maximum payload capacity of 6000 pounds or more
a.
- Flight instruction
- Non stop air tours within 25 SM of the departure airport
- Ferry or training flights
- Aerial work operations including crop dusting, seeding, spraying, bird chasing, banner towing, aerial photography, firefighting, and powerline or pipeline patrol
- Emergency mail service
- Parachute jump flights conducted within 25 SM of the departure airport
- Carriage of candidates in elections
What are the 2 basic types of certificates issued to applicants under Part 119?
1) Air carrier certificate - Interstate, foreign, or overseas transportation, or to carry mail
2) Operating certificate - Intrastate common carriage
Describe the following regulations.
- Part 91 Subpart F
- Part 119
- Part 121
- Part 125
- Part 135
- Part 91 Subpart F - Corporate operations not involving common carriage
- Part 119 - Certification and operation specifications for common carriage under Parts 121 and 135. Also lists operations that do not require an air carrier or commercial operating certificate
- Part 121 - Air carriers flying for compensation or hire
- Part 125 - Certification and operational rules for large airplanes (20+ seating config., 6000+ max payload), when common carriage is not involved
- Part 135 - Governs commuter and on-demand operations
