Regulation of the Normal Ovarian Menstrual cycle

Question 1

length of cycle

Answer 1

1st day of vaginal bleeding to the next start of bleeding

usually 25-30

Question 2

classification of polymenorrheic

Answer 2

-cycles <21 days (from start to start is more frequent than 21 days)

Question 3

Oligomenorrheic

Answer 3

cycles prolonged >35 days

Question 4

Menstrual irregularities are typically at these stages of life

Answer 4

extremes of reproductive life. ie. menarche and menopause.

Question 5

variability of the cycle is seen in the phase

Answer 5

follicular

finicky

Question 6

Oogenesis begins in

Answer 6

utero

Question 7

first half of the cycle this hormone is in charge

Answer 7

estrogen

Question 8

follicular phase comprises what part of the cycle

Answer 8

1. First day of menses until ovulation

Question 9

____provides the signal for recruitment of a cohort of follicles in the ovary.

Answer 9

FSH

Question 10

With fraternal twins two follicles become dominant..

Answer 10

Midfollicular Phase (Selection

Question 11

Lower basal body temperatures and the development of the follicle occur in this phase

Answer 11

follicular

Question 12

Midfollicular Phase (Selection) is characterized by

Answer 12

Characterized by selection of one dominant follicle from the cohort of growing follicles that were stimulated by FSH.

Question 13

Here the ovary is the least hormonally active and so serum levels of estradiol and progesterone are lower

Answer 13

Follicular

Question 14

This phase is characterized by rapid follicular growth

Answer 14

Late Follicular Phase (Dominance)

Question 15

Luteal phase begins

and ends on

Answer 15

on the day of the LH surge and ends at the onset of the next menses.

Question 16

Ovulation takes place 36-40hr after

Answer 16

the LH surge.

Question 17

The secretory activity and functional lifespan of the CL is dependent on

Answer 17

appropriate LH support (14 days). Unless implantation occurs

Question 18

what happens if implantation occurs

Answer 18

HCG from the developing embryo rescues the CL, involution occurs.

luteal phase defects can become a problem because women don’t get to this point

Question 19

what happens in the late luteal phase if implantation does not occur

Answer 19

There is a decline in progesterone, estradiol and inhibin. The reduction in estradiol restores the ability of the pituitary to respond to GnRH signals. The GnRH pulse frequency causes a predominance of FSH secretion. The increase in FSH during this phase is key in initiating recruitment of follicles for the ensuing cycle. It appears

Question 20

Early Luteal Phase

Answer 20

prior to ovulation the granulosa cells enlarge and accumulate a yellow pigment (lutein). During the 3 days following ovulation LH transformed granulosa cells and theca cells luteinize and become a structure known as the corpus luteum CL. This transient endocrine organ secretes progesterone and its function is to prepare the estrogen primed endometrium for implantation of the fertilized ovum.

Question 21

cervix would feel softer and more open during

Answer 21

follicular phase

Question 22

the fall of this hormone leads to menstrual cycle

Answer 22

progesterone

Question 23

fertilization usually occurs at this location in the fallopian tube

Answer 23

ampullary portion

Question 24

theca cells are associated with

Answer 24

LH

Question 25

corpus lutetium produces

Answer 25

progesterone

get’s endometrium ready to support fertilized ovum

Question 26

why is the Luteal phased more predictable

Answer 26

that’s how long the corpus lutetium can survive

Question 27

what happens if implantation occurs

Answer 27

on the 14th day the embryo will take over with hcG

Question 28

endometrium in the follicular phase

Answer 28

proliferative phase

cervical mucus in thinner and clearer to facilitate the passage of sperm

Question 29

the leuteal phase is known as the

Answer 29

secretory phase
progesterone is responsible for making endometrial lining mature and ready for an ovum

thick mucus

Question 30

cramps are associated with

Answer 30

the presence of prostoglandins

Question 31

what is the physiology behind the shedding of the endometrium caused by the fall in progesterone

Answer 31

vessels constrict cause loss of blood supply

combination of endometrium blood and dish