Regulation of respiration Flashcards
Eupnea
Normal breathing
Apneustic breathing
Prolonged respirations-indicative of end of life respirations
Apnea
Stop breathing
Hyperpnea
increase in ventilation (ex. during exercise)- not the same as hyperventilation
What are the 3 primary groups of neurons in the Brainstem Respiratory Center?
- Dorsal respiratory group (medulla oblongata)
- Pneumotaxic center (pons)=pontine respiratory group
- Ventral respiratory group (medulla oblongata)
The Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG) primary role is the _____.
Control of inspiration
The neurons in the DRG lie in ______
nucleus of the tractus solitarius
The DRG receive sensory info from the vagal and glossopharyngeal nerves to stimulate respiration from:
- peripheral chemoreceptors
- baroreceptors
- types of receptors in the lungs
The basic rhythm of respiration is primarily set in the ______.
DRG
AP’s from the DRG does what to the inspiratory muscles?
causes muscles to ramp up and contract
How does the body exhale?
The signals from the DRG just stop for 3 seconds and with muscle relaxation the body relieves air passively
There are 2 points of control of the ramp
- rate of increase of the ramp signal
- end of ramping
- ex would cause shortened inspiration ramp
what does the Pneumotaxic center do to the DRG?
sends inhibitory signal to the DRG
What is the difference btw a strong and weak pneumotaxic signal?
Strong=short lung filling time
Weak=longer lung filling time
Limiting the ramp time does what to the inspiration time (and ultimately expiratory time)?
Shortens it which overall increases the rate of breathing
The Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG) is normally inactive during breathing.
T or F
T
When would you use VRG?
During exercise, it is just a step above normal breathing
Hering-Breuer Reflex
In the walls of bronchi and bronchioles
- determine when there is excess lung inflation
- Send information via the vagus nerve back to the DRG to inhibit it
- increases respiratory rate to keep lungs from exploding
- Inhibitory
Do acute increases in CO2 and H+ directly affect DRG, Pneumo, VRG?
No
With acute increases in CO2 and H+ what area is affected?
Chemosensitive area
What is the primary stimulus that affects the chemosensitive area?
H+
- But presents as a direct effect of CO2 because H+ itself cannot cross the blood brain barrier
- Increases rate and deeper breathes in order to blow off that CO2
CO2 mixes with water to cross the blood brain barrier and then breaks down to allow what to go through?
H+
A change in blood CO2 has what effect acutely and what effect chronically?
- acutely-strong effect on controlling respiratory drive
- chronically- weak effect after a few days because of adaptation
- ex. exercise: may have strong response early (heavier breathing) but body would get used it
Oxygen has no direct effect on ______
respiratory center
-CO2 is main driver
