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MAP II DPT732 > Regulation of respiration > Flashcards

Regulation of respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal breathing

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2
Q

Apneustic breathing

A

Prolonged respirations-indicative of end of life respirations

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3
Q

Apnea

A

Stop breathing

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4
Q

Hyperpnea

A

increase in ventilation (ex. during exercise)- not the same as hyperventilation

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5
Q

What are the 3 primary groups of neurons in the Brainstem Respiratory Center?

A
  • Dorsal respiratory group (medulla oblongata)
  • Pneumotaxic center (pons)=pontine respiratory group
  • Ventral respiratory group (medulla oblongata)
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6
Q

The Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG) primary role is the _____.

A

Control of inspiration

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7
Q

The neurons in the DRG lie in ______

A

nucleus of the tractus solitarius

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8
Q

The DRG receive sensory info from the vagal and glossopharyngeal nerves to stimulate respiration from:

A
  • peripheral chemoreceptors
  • baroreceptors
  • types of receptors in the lungs
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9
Q

The basic rhythm of respiration is primarily set in the ______.

A

DRG

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10
Q

AP’s from the DRG does what to the inspiratory muscles?

A

causes muscles to ramp up and contract

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11
Q

How does the body exhale?

A

The signals from the DRG just stop for 3 seconds and with muscle relaxation the body relieves air passively

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12
Q

There are 2 points of control of the ramp

A
  • rate of increase of the ramp signal
  • end of ramping
  • ex would cause shortened inspiration ramp
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13
Q

what does the Pneumotaxic center do to the DRG?

A

sends inhibitory signal to the DRG

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14
Q

What is the difference btw a strong and weak pneumotaxic signal?

A

Strong=short lung filling time

Weak=longer lung filling time

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15
Q

Limiting the ramp time does what to the inspiration time (and ultimately expiratory time)?

A

Shortens it which overall increases the rate of breathing

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16
Q

The Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG) is normally inactive during breathing.
T or F

A

T

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17
Q

When would you use VRG?

A

During exercise, it is just a step above normal breathing

18
Q

Hering-Breuer Reflex

A

In the walls of bronchi and bronchioles

  • determine when there is excess lung inflation
  • Send information via the vagus nerve back to the DRG to inhibit it
  • increases respiratory rate to keep lungs from exploding
  • Inhibitory
19
Q

Do acute increases in CO2 and H+ directly affect DRG, Pneumo, VRG?

A

No

20
Q

With acute increases in CO2 and H+ what area is affected?

A

Chemosensitive area

21
Q

What is the primary stimulus that affects the chemosensitive area?

A

H+

  • But presents as a direct effect of CO2 because H+ itself cannot cross the blood brain barrier
  • Increases rate and deeper breathes in order to blow off that CO2
22
Q

CO2 mixes with water to cross the blood brain barrier and then breaks down to allow what to go through?

A

H+

23
Q

A change in blood CO2 has what effect acutely and what effect chronically?

A
  • acutely-strong effect on controlling respiratory drive
  • chronically- weak effect after a few days because of adaptation
  • ex. exercise: may have strong response early (heavier breathing) but body would get used it
24
Q

Oxygen has no direct effect on ______

A

respiratory center

-CO2 is main driver

25
Q

______ system ensures adequate O2 delivery through wide range of PO2

A

Oxygen-hemoglobin system

26
Q

What primarily responds to changes in blood O2?

A

Peripheral Chemoreceptor System

-Has a rapid response to low arterial PO2

27
Q

The peripheral chemoreceptor system transmits nervous signals to the _____.

A

DRG (respiratory ceneter)

28
Q

How does the responses from the peripheral receptors and the respiratory center differ in strength and speed?

A
  • Peripheral receptor responses are much less powerful than DRG
  • But are 5x faster
  • Might help more at the onset of ex
29
Q

Acclimatization is simply…

A

adapting to high altitude

30
Q

Low O2 can drive system to ____ levels of alveolar ventilation.

A

higher

31
Q

Anticipatory stimulation

A

the brain initially stimulates the respiratory center in the brainstem when sending motor impulses to the working muscles

32
Q

After 30-40 seconds CO2 released from active cells does what to ventilation rate.

A

Matches ventilation rate in order to keep values normal

33
Q

____ is sent to the hypothalamic center and can influence ventilation.

A

Pain

34
Q

Brain edema can cause you to take ____ breaths

A

deeper

35
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide can cause you to take ____ breaths

A

deeper breaths

-from stimulating blood flow telling that it needs bigger breaths

36
Q

Hyperventilation

A

increase in rate and depth of breathing

-exceeds need to remove CO2 (CO2 decreases because you are blowing too much off)

37
Q

Low blood CO2 during hyperventilation which causes…

A

trouble breathing because you are getting rid of CO2 which is the main driver of respiratory system
-Brown bag breathing is to raise that CO2 since they are breathing out too much

38
Q

_____ of CO2 can occur in Pulmonary disease

A

Retention

39
Q

Hypoxic drive (related to Pulmonary disease)

A

reduced PO2 acts on peripheral chemoreceptors and provides main stimulus for respiration

40
Q

What would be the result of giving pure oxygen fas to an individual with emphysema?

A

you are pushing a lot of O2 into their body and if their respiratory center is being drivin by low amount of O2 then you can cause them to stop breathing

41
Q

What would be the result of giving pure oxygen fas to an individual with emphysema?

A

you are pushing a lot of O2 into their body and if their respiratory center is being driven by low amounts of O2 then you can cause them to stop breathing
-Related to Hypoxic drive

42
Q

What would be the result of giving pure oxygen fas to an individual with emphysema?

A

you are pushing a lot of O2 into their body and if their respiratory center is being driven by low amounts of O2 then you can cause them to stop breathing
-Related to Hypoxic drive

MAP II DPT732 (3 decks)

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