Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MAP II DPT732 > 3/14 Gas exchange and gas transport > Flashcards

3/14 Gas exchange and gas transport Flashcards

1
Q

What does emphysema affect?

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

the process of randomly moving molecules making their way back and forth across the respiratory membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What determines the movement of gases?

A

Concentration- moving from high to low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pressure is defined as….

A

the amount of force on the container

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Total pressure at sea level is….

A

760 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What gas makes up most of the atmospheric pressure? Least?

A

Most=Nitrogen

Least=CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Partial pressure of a gas in fluid is determined by what two things?

A

concentration

solubility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does it mean if a gas is more soluble than another?

A

This means that it is more attracted to water so it can diffuse more quickly (ex. CO2 is more soluble than O2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If a patient has lots of mucous in their lungs what does this mean for diffusion?

A

diffusion will take longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diffusion is determined by what 6 things?

A 
Pressure difference
solubility of the gas in fluid 
cross-sectional area of the fluid
distance the gas must diffuse
molecular weight of the gas
temperature of the fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Respiratory gases are very soluble in ____ so diffusion across the membranes occurs relatively easy.

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

____ is the limiting factor when diffusing through tissues and therefore makes it tougher to diffuse.

A

Tissue water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What makes O2 concentrations different?

A

It is constantly being absorbed from alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What makes CO2 concentrations different?

A

It is constantly diffusing from blood into alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What makes H2O concentrations different?

A

The water is vaporized in respiratory tract

PH2O at body temp =47mmHG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which gas makes up the balance to total 760 mmHg?

A

Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

O2 is at what partial pressure in the alveoli?

A

104 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

About how much alveolar air is replaced by each breath?

A

1/7th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Alveolar oxygen concentration is controlled by what two things?

A

The rate of absorption by pulmonary capillaries (amount leaving)
The rate of oxygen entry into alveoli via ventilation (amount entering)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The partial pressure of O2 can never exceed 149 mmHg bc why?

A

the pressure of all of the others have to add up to 760 so it cant go any higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Internal expiration occurs where?

A

In the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

External expiration occurs where?

A

In the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Diffusion of gases across the respiratory membrane occurs very quickly because of….

A

the large surface area of respiratory membrane with small amounts of blood
Also the small diameter of pulmonary capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diffusion of gases through respiratory membrane is affected by what 4 things?

A

Thickness of membrane

Surface area of respiratory membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Diffusion of gases through respiratory membrane is affected by what 4 things?

A

Thickness of membrane
Surface area of respiratory membrane
Diffusion coefficient
Pressure difference across the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the respiratory membranes diffusion capacity?

A

The volume of a gas that will diffuse through the membrane each minute for a partial pressure difference of 1 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Normal ventilation-perfusion ratio (Va/Q) is ____

A

0.8 (4/5)

28
Q

How much gas exchange occurs at a ventilation-perfusion ratio of zero and at infinity?

A

No gas exchange for both

29
Q

What two factors determine the PO2 and PCO2 in the alveoli?

A

How fast you breath

solubility

30
Q

What are the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in the alveoli?

A

PO2- 104 mmHg

PCO2- 40 mmHg

31
Q

What is the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in venous blood of pulmonary capillary at its arterial end?

A

PO2-40 mmHg

PCO2-45 mmHg

32
Q

What is the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in venous blood of pulmonary capillary at its arterial end?

A

PO2-40 mmHg

PCO2-45 mmHg

33
Q

Pulmonary diffusion (alveoli to capillary) occurs where in the capillary?

A

In the first 1/3 of the capillary

34
Q

Pulmonary diffusion (alveoli to capillary) occurs where in the capillary?

A

In the first 1/3 of the capillary

35
Q

____ supplies deep tissues of the lungs and do not come in contact with lung air.

A

Bronchial arteries

36
Q

How much pressure of O2 do cells require to fully support chemical processes?

A

1-3 mmHg

37
Q

Does CO2 follow the same pattern of diffusion and transport?

A

Yes

38
Q

Which requires less of a pressure difference to diffuse, CO2 or O2?

A

CO2

39
Q

A decrease in blood flow at tissue interstitial fluid causes an increase or decrease in PCO2 in the fluid?

A

Increase

40
Q

An increase in metabolism causes the PCO2 to increase or decrease?

A

increase

41
Q

An increase in metabolism causes the PCO2 to increase or decrease?

A

increase

42
Q

This transports 97% of O2 from the lungs to the tissues.

A

Hemoglobin

43
Q

This transports about 3% of O2 from the lungs to the tissues

A

H2O of plasma and RBCs

44
Q

In the oxygen -hemoglobin dissociation curve, if the PO2 is high, O2 will….. (ex of where this happens)

A

bind with hemoglobin

happens in the lungs

45
Q

In the oxygen -hemoglobin dissociation curve, if the PO2 is low, O2 will…..

A

be released from hemoglobin because the bond would be lessened

46
Q

Normal O2 delivery is __ml per 100 ml of blood

A

5

47
Q

How does hemoglobin act as a tissue PO2 buffer?

A

the PO2 drops to 40 mmHg. Hgb releases just enough O2 at 40 mmHg for the normal 5ml. Therefore hemoglobin sets the upper limit on O2 partial pressure

48
Q

A small decrease in O2 partial pressure at exercise can cause a very large release of O2 from hemoglobin; what does this do to the dissociation curve? Blood flow?

A

The dissociation curve would be steeper

Decreased O2 would cause for increased blood flow

49
Q

If in your alveoli the PO2 was increased to 500 mmHg what would happen with O2 since you cannot increase hemoglobin saturation over 100%?

A

Because Hgb is a buffer it will release O2 to the tissues in order to drop PO2 to just above 40 mmHg

50
Q

What 5 factors push the dissociation curve to the right and cause a weakened affinity?

A 
C-Increase CO2
A-Increase acidity
D-Increase DPG
E-Exercise
T-Increase temp
51
Q

What shifts the dissociation curve to the left causing hemoglobin to hold on to O2?

A

higher pH (A decrease in CO2 and H+ will do this)

52
Q

An increase in H+ and CO2 will do what to the dissociation curve?

A

Shift right

53
Q

The weakening of the hemoglobin-oxygen bond to unload O2 where it is needed is called the ______.

A

Bohr effect

54
Q

Normally, a PO2 of ___ mmHg is sufficient for cellular reactions.

A

> 1 mmHg

55
Q

What happens in Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning?

A

CO combines with hemoglobin at the same spot O2 does so you are kept from getting oxygen. 0.6 mmHg is lethal

56
Q

Normally ___ml of CO2 per 100ml blood is transported from tissues to lungs.

A

4 ml

57
Q

CO2 can be transported from the tissues to the lungs in what 4 ways.

A
  1. As CO2 in plasma
  2. Combines with H2O to form carbonic acid in the RBC
  3. Carbonic acid dissociates into H+ and HCO3-
  4. binds with hemoglobin
58
Q

Carbon dioxide dissociation curve: normal range of blood PCO2 is ___mmHg in tissues and ___mmHg in arterial blood.

A

45mmHg in tissues

40mmHg in arterial blood

59
Q

CO2 picked up in the tissue capillaries does what to the arterial blood pH?

A

slightly decreases pH (release of CO2 in the blood returns pH to higher value)

60
Q

The ratio of metabolic gas exchange is called the ______. (formula?)

A

respiratory quotient

CO2 produced/O2 consumed

61
Q

What is the RER for carbs?

A

1

62
Q

What is the RER for fats?

A

0.7

63
Q

What is the RER for protein?

A

0.85

64
Q

When could an RER exceed 1.00? and what does that value mean?

A

Hyperventilation
Exhaustive ex.
lipogenisis
Means that there is very high levels of CO2 with no change in O2.

65
Q

When could an RER drop below 0.7? What does that value mean?

A

Recovery from exhaustive ex.

means that there is high levels of O2 with no change in CO2.

MAP II DPT732 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions