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MAP II DPT732 > 3/14 Gas exchange and gas transport > Flashcards

3/14 Gas exchange and gas transport Flashcards

1
Q

What does emphysema affect?

A

Alveoli

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2
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

the process of randomly moving molecules making their way back and forth across the respiratory membrane

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3
Q

What determines the movement of gases?

A

Concentration- moving from high to low

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4
Q

Pressure is defined as….

A

the amount of force on the container

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5
Q

Total pressure at sea level is….

A

760 mmHg

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6
Q

What gas makes up most of the atmospheric pressure? Least?

A

Most=Nitrogen

Least=CO2

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7
Q

Partial pressure of a gas in fluid is determined by what two things?

A

concentration

solubility

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8
Q

What does it mean if a gas is more soluble than another?

A

This means that it is more attracted to water so it can diffuse more quickly (ex. CO2 is more soluble than O2)

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9
Q

If a patient has lots of mucous in their lungs what does this mean for diffusion?

A

diffusion will take longer

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10
Q

Diffusion is determined by what 6 things?

A 
Pressure difference
solubility of the gas in fluid 
cross-sectional area of the fluid
distance the gas must diffuse
molecular weight of the gas
temperature of the fluid
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11
Q

Respiratory gases are very soluble in ____ so diffusion across the membranes occurs relatively easy.

A

Lipids

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12
Q

____ is the limiting factor when diffusing through tissues and therefore makes it tougher to diffuse.

A

Tissue water

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13
Q

What makes O2 concentrations different?

A

It is constantly being absorbed from alveoli

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14
Q

What makes CO2 concentrations different?

A

It is constantly diffusing from blood into alveoli

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15
Q

What makes H2O concentrations different?

A

The water is vaporized in respiratory tract

PH2O at body temp =47mmHG

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16
Q

Which gas makes up the balance to total 760 mmHg?

A

Nitrogen

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17
Q

O2 is at what partial pressure in the alveoli?

A

104 mmHg

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18
Q

About how much alveolar air is replaced by each breath?

A

1/7th

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19
Q

Alveolar oxygen concentration is controlled by what two things?

A

The rate of absorption by pulmonary capillaries (amount leaving)
The rate of oxygen entry into alveoli via ventilation (amount entering)

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20
Q

The partial pressure of O2 can never exceed 149 mmHg bc why?

A

the pressure of all of the others have to add up to 760 so it cant go any higher

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21
Q

Internal expiration occurs where?

A

In the tissues

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22
Q

External expiration occurs where?

A

In the alveoli

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23
Q

Diffusion of gases across the respiratory membrane occurs very quickly because of….

A

the large surface area of respiratory membrane with small amounts of blood
Also the small diameter of pulmonary capillaries

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24
Q

Diffusion of gases through respiratory membrane is affected by what 4 things?

A

Thickness of membrane

Surface area of respiratory membrane

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25
Diffusion of gases through respiratory membrane is affected by what 4 things?
Thickness of membrane Surface area of respiratory membrane Diffusion coefficient Pressure difference across the membrane
26
What is the respiratory membranes diffusion capacity?
The volume of a gas that will diffuse through the membrane each minute for a partial pressure difference of 1 mmHg
27
Normal ventilation-perfusion ratio (Va/Q) is ____
0.8 (4/5)
28
How much gas exchange occurs at a ventilation-perfusion ratio of zero and at infinity?
No gas exchange for both
29
What two factors determine the PO2 and PCO2 in the alveoli?
How fast you breath | solubility
30
What are the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in the alveoli?
PO2- 104 mmHg | PCO2- 40 mmHg
31
What is the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in venous blood of pulmonary capillary at its arterial end?
PO2-40 mmHg | PCO2-45 mmHg
32
What is the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in venous blood of pulmonary capillary at its arterial end?
PO2-40 mmHg | PCO2-45 mmHg
33
Pulmonary diffusion (alveoli to capillary) occurs where in the capillary?
In the first 1/3 of the capillary
34
Pulmonary diffusion (alveoli to capillary) occurs where in the capillary?
In the first 1/3 of the capillary
35
____ supplies deep tissues of the lungs and do not come in contact with lung air.
Bronchial arteries
36
How much pressure of O2 do cells require to fully support chemical processes?
1-3 mmHg
37
Does CO2 follow the same pattern of diffusion and transport?
Yes
38
Which requires less of a pressure difference to diffuse, CO2 or O2?
CO2
39
A decrease in blood flow at tissue interstitial fluid causes an increase or decrease in PCO2 in the fluid?
Increase
40
An increase in metabolism causes the PCO2 to increase or decrease?
increase
41
An increase in metabolism causes the PCO2 to increase or decrease?
increase
42
This transports 97% of O2 from the lungs to the tissues.
Hemoglobin
43
This transports about 3% of O2 from the lungs to the tissues
H2O of plasma and RBCs
44
In the oxygen -hemoglobin dissociation curve, if the PO2 is high, O2 will..... (ex of where this happens)
bind with hemoglobin | happens in the lungs
45
In the oxygen -hemoglobin dissociation curve, if the PO2 is low, O2 will.....
be released from hemoglobin because the bond would be lessened
46
Normal O2 delivery is __ml per 100 ml of blood
5
47
How does hemoglobin act as a tissue PO2 buffer?
the PO2 drops to 40 mmHg. Hgb releases just enough O2 at 40 mmHg for the normal 5ml. Therefore hemoglobin sets the upper limit on O2 partial pressure
48
A small decrease in O2 partial pressure at exercise can cause a very large release of O2 from hemoglobin; what does this do to the dissociation curve? Blood flow?
The dissociation curve would be steeper | Decreased O2 would cause for increased blood flow
49
If in your alveoli the PO2 was increased to 500 mmHg what would happen with O2 since you cannot increase hemoglobin saturation over 100%?
Because Hgb is a buffer it will release O2 to the tissues in order to drop PO2 to just above 40 mmHg
50
What 5 factors push the dissociation curve to the right and cause a weakened affinity?
``` C-Increase CO2 A-Increase acidity D-Increase DPG E-Exercise T-Increase temp ```
51
What shifts the dissociation curve to the left causing hemoglobin to hold on to O2?
higher pH (A decrease in CO2 and H+ will do this)
52
An increase in H+ and CO2 will do what to the dissociation curve?
Shift right
53
The weakening of the hemoglobin-oxygen bond to unload O2 where it is needed is called the ______.
Bohr effect
54
Normally, a PO2 of ___ mmHg is sufficient for cellular reactions.
>1 mmHg
55
What happens in Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning?
CO combines with hemoglobin at the same spot O2 does so you are kept from getting oxygen. 0.6 mmHg is lethal
56
Normally ___ml of CO2 per 100ml blood is transported from tissues to lungs.
4 ml
57
CO2 can be transported from the tissues to the lungs in what 4 ways.
1. As CO2 in plasma 2. Combines with H2O to form carbonic acid in the RBC 3. Carbonic acid dissociates into H+ and HCO3- 4. binds with hemoglobin
58
Carbon dioxide dissociation curve: normal range of blood PCO2 is ___mmHg in tissues and ___mmHg in arterial blood.
45mmHg in tissues | 40mmHg in arterial blood
59
CO2 picked up in the tissue capillaries does what to the arterial blood pH?
slightly decreases pH (release of CO2 in the blood returns pH to higher value)
60
The ratio of metabolic gas exchange is called the ______. (formula?)
respiratory quotient | CO2 produced/O2 consumed
61
What is the RER for carbs?
1
62
What is the RER for fats?
0.7
63
What is the RER for protein?
0.85
64
When could an RER exceed 1.00? and what does that value mean?
Hyperventilation Exhaustive ex. lipogenisis Means that there is very high levels of CO2 with no change in O2.
65
When could an RER drop below 0.7? What does that value mean?
Recovery from exhaustive ex. | means that there is high levels of O2 with no change in CO2.

MAP II DPT732 (3 decks)

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