Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Urinary > Regulation of osmolality > Flashcards

Regulation of osmolality Flashcards

1
Q

Where is ADH made

A

Supraoptic (SO) and Paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is ADH stored AND released from

A

Posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Half life of ADH and reason for it

A

~10 minutes

Levels can be rapidly adjusted depending on the body’s need for water conservation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the primary control of ADH

secretion

A

Plasma osmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens to ADH secretion when osmolality increases

A

Secretion increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is osmolarity

A

The concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per litre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens in brain when plasma osmolality increases

A

The rate of discharge of ADH-secreting neurones in the SO and PVN is increased
Which increases the release of ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What receptors mediate neuronal discharge and where are they located

A

Osmoreceptors

Anterior hypothalamus near SO and PVN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What changes the discharging of osmoreceptors

A

Their volume (stretch-sensitive ion channels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Normal plasma osmolality

A

280-290mOsm/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does a small change in osmolality produce in regards to ADH

A

Rapid and marked change in ADH levels

System has a very high “gain” a 2.5% increase in osmolality can produce a 10x increase in ADH.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is urea an effective or ineffective osmole

A

Ineffective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do hypertonic solutions, like seawater, lead to dehydration

A

They require more water to excrete them, due to high solute levels, than one gains water from their ingestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference between tonicity and osmolarity

A

osmolarity takes into account the TOTAL concentration of PENETRATING solutes AND NON-PENETRATING solutes, whereas tonicity takes into account the total concentration of ONLY NON-PENETRATING solutes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is tonicity

A

The total concentration non-penetrating solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ADH AKA

A

Vasopressin

17
Q

Where does ADH bind and what happens when it does

A

Binds to membrane receptor on collecting ducts
Receptor activates cAMP second messenger system
Causing more aquaporins to be inserted into the luminal membrane
Which increases the membrane’s water permeability

18
Q

How permeable are the collecting ducts membrane’s to urea

A

Relatively, particularly towards the tips

19
Q

ADH’s effect on late medullary collecting ducts

A

Increases permeability to urea

20
Q

What happens to urea in an anti-diuresis with high levels of ADH, why and what is the consequence of it

A

urea is retained
To save water and reinforce medullary gradient in region of the ascending limb
Uraemia occurs.

21
Q

Effect of increased ECF volume of [ADH]

A

Reduces [ADH]

22
Q

Effect of decreased ECF volume on [ADH]

A

Increases [ADH]

23
Q

Where a low P receptors found and what’s there other name

A

Left and right atria and great veins

AKA volume receptors

24
Q

What are the high P receptors

A

The carotid and aortic arch Baroreceptors

25
Q

What do moderate decreases in ECF volume 1° effect and cause

A

Atrial receptors

Decreased atrial receptor discharge therfore increased ADH secretion

26
Q

When do carotid and aortic arch Baroreceptors affect ADH secretion

A

When the volume change is enough to affect the MBP

27
Q

Does changing posture affect ADH secretion

A

Yes

Standing up from lying down cause increased ADH levels

28
Q

What stimuli can increase ADH levles

A 
Pain
Emotion
Stress
Exercise
Nicotine
Morphine.
29
Q

What stimuli can decrease ADH levels

A

Alcohol

30
Q

ADH levels after traumatic surgery

A

Inappropriate levels, need to be careful monitoring water intake

31
Q

Effect of Peripheral Diabetes Insipidus on collecting ducts

A

Insensitive to ADH

32
Q

How can the areas that produce ADH be damaged, what does this cause and how is it treated

A

Tumour, surgery or meningitis
Central Diabetes Insipidus
ADH replacement

Urinary (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions