Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Urinary > Presentation of diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract > Flashcards

Presentation of diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract Flashcards

1
Q

What makesort up the UUT and LUT

A

UUT - Kidneys, ureter

LUT - bladder, urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nature of renal diseases and example of each

A 
Infection - Pyelonephritis 
Inflammation - Glomerulonephritis 
Iatrogenic - Nephrotoxicity 
Neoplasia - Renal or collecting system tumours 
Trauma - Blunt trauma
Vascular - Diabetes, hypertention
Hereditary - Polycystic Kidney disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

7 presentations of renal disease

A 
Pain
Pyrexia
Haematuria
Proteinuria
Pyuria
Mass on palpation
Renal failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is pyuria

A

The presence of pus in urine, usually from bacterial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
What is;
Oliguria
Anuria
Polyuria
Nocturia
Nocturnal Polyuria
A 
Oliguria - Low urine output
Anuria - No urine output
Polyuria - High Urine output 
Nocturia - Waking up to micturate 
Nocturnal Polyuria - High Urine output at night >1/3 of daily output
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Five stages of kidney injury

A
  1. Risk
  2. Injury
  3. Failure
  4. Loss
  5. End stage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Presentation of chronic renal failure

A 
Asymptomatic (found on blood and urine testing)
Tiredness
Anaemia 
Oedema
High blood pressure
Bone pain due to renal bone disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Presentation of ADVANCED chronic renal failure

A 
Pruritus 
Nausea/Vomiting 
Dysopnoea
Pericarditis
Neuropathy
Coma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nature of ureteric diseases

A

Infection - ureteritis
Iatrogenic/Trauma - inadvertently cut or tied during hysterectomy or colon resection
Neoplasia - TCC of ureteror bladder, prostate cancer obstructing VUJ, gnancy,
Hereditary - PUJ obstruction
Obstruction - intra-luminal (stone, blood clot)
- intra-mural (scar tissue, TCC)
- extra-luminal (pelvic mass, lymph nodes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Presentation of ureteric diseases

A

Pain (eg. renal colic)
Pyrexia
Haematuria

Palpable mass (ie. hydronephrosis)
Renal failure (only if bilateral obstruction or single functioning kidney)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nature of bladder diseases

A

Infection - Cystitis
Inflammation - Colonic diverticulitis 》colo-vesical fistula
Iatrogenic/Trauma - bladder rupture
Neoplasia - TCC or squamous cell carcinoma of bladder
Idiopathic - overactive bladder syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Presentation of bladder diseases

A

Pain (supra-pubic )
Pyrexia
Haematuria

Lower urinary tract symptoms
- storage
- voiding
- incontinence
Recurrent UTIs
Chronic urinary retention (due to bladder underactivity)
Urinary leak from vagina (i.e. vesico-vaginal fistula)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples of storage and voiding symptoms related to bladder diseases

A 
Storage - Frequency
                Nocturia
                Urgency
                Urge/Incontinence
Voiding - Poor flow
                Intermittency
                Terminal Dribbling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What part of the brain controls Micturition

A

Pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What controls the Micturition reflex

A

S2-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nature of bladder OUTFLOW diseases and examples

A

Infection/Inflammation - prostatitis
Iatrogenic/Trauma - urethral injury from catheterisation or pelvic fracture
Neoplasia - prostate cancer
Idiopathic - chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Obstruction - benign prostatic enlargement
(BPE) causing obstruction
- urethral stricture
- meatal stenosis
- phimosis

17
Q

Presentation of bladder OUTFLOW diseases

A

Pain (suprapubic or perineal)
Pyrexia
Haematuria

Lower urinary tract symptoms

- voiding
- overflow incontinence (high-pressure chronic urinary retention)
- stress urinary incontinence

Recurrent UTIs
Acute/Chronic urinary retention

18
Q

Examples of voiding symptoms related to bladder outflow diseases

A 
Voiding -Hesitancy
               Intermittency
               Poor flow
               Terminal dribbling, 
               Incomplete bladder emptying
19
Q

Definition ofacute urinary retention

A

Painful inability to void with a palpable and percussible bladder

20
Q

Main risk factor for acute urinary retention

A

BPO

21
Q

Treatment of acute urinary retention

A

Catheterisation

22
Q

Definition of chronic urinary retention

A

Painless, palpable and percussible bladder after voiding

23
Q

Main aetiological factor of chronic urinary retention

A

Underactive detrusor muscle

24
Q

Treatment for chronic urinary retention

A

Catheterisation

Clean Intermittent Self-Catheterisation (CISC) when appropriate

25
Q

Definition of recurrent UTI

A

> 3 / year

> 2 / 6 months

26
Q

Definition of relapsed UTI

A

A UTI by the same organism within 2 weeks of preceding UTI

Urinary (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions