Glomerular disease Flashcards
What’s the filter barrier made up of
Cell cytoplasm
Basal lamina
Podocyte
What are mesangial cells
‘tree-like’ group of cells which support capillaries
What is glomerulonephritis and difference between 1° and 2°
Inflammatory or non-inflammatory disease of glomerulus
1° only affects glomerulus
2° other parts of body affected eg SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus)
Aetiology of glomerulonephritis
Some are due to immunoglobulin deposition
Some are diseases with no immunoglobulin deposition eg diabetic glomerular disease
4 common presentation of glomerulonephritis
- Haematuria (blood in urine)
- Heavy proteinuria (nephrotic syndrome)
- Slowly increasing proteinuria
- Acute renal failure
Main causes of haematuria
Urinary tract infection/stone/tumour
Glomerulonephritis
What to IgA deposits cause
increased proliferation of mesangial cells
Is IgA filtered into the urine
No it’s stuck within the mesangium
Prognosis of IgA nephropathy
Usually self limiting
Small % go onto chronic renal failure
What causes membranous glomerulonephritis
IgG deposits itself between basal lamina and podocytes (gets stuck)
What does IgG do and what’s the result of it
Activates C3 which punches holes in filter
Leaky filter now allows albumin to be filtered into urine => nephrotic syndrome
Prognosis of membranous glomerulonephritis
1/4 in chronic renal failure in 10 years
Characteristics of diabetic nephropathy
Thickened but leaky basement membranes + mesangial matrix compresses capillaries
NO IMMUNE COMPLEXES
Prognosis of diabetic nephropathy
Inevitable decline if 1. Established diabetic neuropathy and 2. Continued poor diabetic control
Causes of crescentic glomerulonephritis
WEGENER’S GRANULOMATOSIS
Microscopic polyarteritis (a disease very much like Wegeners)
Antiglomerular basement membrane disease
Many other forms of glomerulonephritis
