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Pathology Kyle > Regulation of Body Temperature > Flashcards

Regulation of Body Temperature Flashcards

1
Q

What does homeothermic mean?

A

Homeothermic: capable of mantaining body temperature within very narrow limits. (37C)

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2
Q

How do you calculate core temperature?

A

Rectal Temperature

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3
Q

What are the exogenous factors that affect body temperature?

Name 5

A
  1. Climatological environment
  2. Peripheral Insulation
  3. Diet
  4. Physical Activity
  5. Drugs
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4
Q

What are the endogenous factors that affect body temperature?

Name 6

A
  1. Rhythms- Circadian
  2. Gender (menstrual Cycle and Pregnancy)
  3. Age and Body Size
  4. Subcutaneous insulation
  5. Water Content
  6. Psychological State
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5
Q

What are the channels of heat transfer?

A

Conduction (C)
Convection (K)
Radiation (R)
Evaporation (E)

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6
Q

What is the formula for total energy expenditure ?

A

Total Energy Expendature = Internal energy produced + External work performed + Energy Stored

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7
Q

What is radiation?

A

heat transferred via emitted electromagnetic waves.

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8
Q

What is conduction?

A

Heat transfer by conduction occurs within a solid or between two or more solids in close contact.

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9
Q

What is convection ?

A

Heat transfer between a fluid or gas and a solid. Heat will be transferred and displaced.

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10
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Heat transfer occurs by means of a change in state from a liquid to a gas.

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11
Q

Can you ever gain heat through evaporation ?

A

Never. Evaporation is always heat loss.

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12
Q

What does the ratio of surface area to volume do to heat loss?

A

Higher (SA / V) = Higher Heat Loss

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13
Q

What does the lower temperature of the extremities in a windless environment represent?

A

The large SA/V ratio relative to the trunk.

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14
Q

What is the main component of the brain that regulates body temperature ?

A

Hypothalamus

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15
Q

What is thermoregulatory non-shivering thermogenesis?

A

Sympathetic nervous system stimulation. Liberation of Epi which increases metabolic rate of many tissues. SNS activation will also result in vasoconstriction.

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16
Q

Are thyroid hormones thermogenic?

A

Yes They act on Na-K ATPase increasing O2 consumption and increasing metabolic rate

17
Q

What does hyopthyroidism do to body metabolism?

A

Thyroiditis, surgical removal of the thyroid or iodine deficiency will decrease metabolic rate and decrease heat production.

18
Q

When working under conditions of high temperature you should increase your intake of what?

A

NaCl

19
Q

What are the three things stimulated by cold that will decrease heat loss?

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
  2. Reduction of surface area
  3. Behavioral responses (warmer cloths and changing the thermostat)
20
Q

What are the 4 things stimulated by cold that increase heat production?

A
  1. Increased Muscle Tone
  2. Shivering and increasing voluntary activity
  3. Increased secretion of epinephrine
  4. Increased appetite
21
Q

What are the three things stimulated by head that increase heat loss?

A
  1. Vasodialation
  2. Sweating
  3. Behavioral changes ( turn on fan, put on cooler clothes)
22
Q

What are the three things stimulated by heat that decrease heat production?

A
  1. Decreased muscle tone and coluntary activity
  2. Decreased secretion of epinephrine
  3. Decreased food appetite.
23
Q

What are the risk factors of heat stroke ?

A
  1. . Elderly and bedridden patients

2. Use of anticholergenics

24
Q

What is head exhaustion ?

A

The body’s response to increased temp included vasodialation and sweating. Excessive sweating decreases ECF volume, decreases blood volume, and decreases arterial pressure which leads to fainting

25
Q

What is heat stroke?

A

Body temperature increases to a point of tissue damage. Usually the normal response to elevated temperature is impared (ie sweating) core temperature increases to dangerous limits.

26
Q

What is malignant hyperthermia ?

A

A rare life threatening condition ( usually hereditary) wherein, there is a massice increase in metabolic rate, increase O3 consumption in response to inhalation anesthetics (Haloethane)

27
Q

What are some exogenous pyrogens that induce fever? (Microbial)

A

Viruses Bacteria Mycobacteria and Fungi

28
Q

What are some non-microbial pyrogens that induce fever?

A

Antigens
Inflammatory agents
Plant Lectins
Host derived Ab-Ab complexes.

29
Q

What are the benefits of fever?

A

Increased neutrophil migration
Enhanced Phagocytosis
“ Interferon production

Pathology Kyle (13 decks)

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