Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology Kyle > Cells of Repair and Inflammation (Kyle) > Flashcards

Cells of Repair and Inflammation (Kyle) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main fiber of the extracellular matrix?

A

Collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of cell is a key player in tissue repair?

A

Fibroblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a fibroblast? No not restate the question you just answered

A

A fibrobast is a ubiquitous long lived cell that produces the interstitial ground substance of supporting tissues throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Can fibroblasts differentiate into different types of cells, if so what would they be?

A

Osteocytes, Chondrocytes, adipocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Can fibroblasts differntiate into epithelial cells?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the fibrous tissue they produce?

A

Form a scar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to a wound during the process of healing?

A

It contracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are contractile proteins that fibroblasts contain?

A

Myofibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Do scars retain the specialized function of the tissues that they replace?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an inactive fibroblast called?

A

A Fibrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a neutrophil?

A

Neutrophils are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes. They are the first responder phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the predominant white clood cell type in acute inflammation?

A

Neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is acute inflammation ?

A

Neutrophilic inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In addition to responding to inflamation what else do neurophils respond to?

A

Necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Can neutrophils be part of chronic inflammation?

A

Yes, because they respond to necrosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is acute on chronic inflammation?

A

Also called sportive inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are neurophils leukocytes or granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils are among the types of leukocytes with granules (Granulocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of granules do neutrophils contain ?

A

Neutral ones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe a hyper-segmented nucleus

A

A nucleus that is segmented into 6 or more lobes are hyper-segmented.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of cells are associated with megaloblastic anemia and what causes this?

A

Hypersegmented neutrophils are associated with megaloblastic anemia and it is caused by vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are immature or adolescent neutrophils?

A

Bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Are bands capable of phagocytosis?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a situation where bands can be released into the cytoplasm?

A

When a person has a severe infection the bone marrow will release bands into the blood in increasing numbers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is this phenomena called?

A

Bandemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the term describing the increased number of immature leukocytes in the blood?

A

Left Shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Do corticosteroids cause left shift or bandemia?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the condition when neutrophils are above their normal limit?

A

Neutrophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

An abnormal increase in the number of neutrophils is indicative of what (even if the white count is normal) ?

A

An infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What type of cell is the first responder phagocyte and is crucial in the rapid innate immune system response to acute infection?

A

Neutrophils

30
Q

Describe the progression of a neutrophil nucleus to become a band cell

A

The eraliest bone marrow precursor cells of granulocytes, and in general neutrophils, hae a round oval nuclei. As they mature the nuclei flattens and develops an indention. This indentation becomes deeper until portions of the nucleus on each side become segmented.

31
Q

Describe the size of bands.

A

They are about the same size as a mature neutrophil.

32
Q

What is a problem in determining the number of neutrophils in the blood.

A

They are impossible to count by machine and you must count them by hand.

33
Q

What type of cells are derived from monocytes?

A

Macrophages.

34
Q

What cells make up the mononuclear phagocyte system ?

A

Monocytes and macrophages.

35
Q

Who shows up at the site of infalmmation first, macrophages or neutrophils?

A

neutrophils

36
Q

What are the two main functions of macrophages?

A

They gobble up invading bacteria and fungi, macrophages (activated by pathogens) also secrete cytokines that activate other cells of inflammation.

37
Q

What do M1 macrophages do ?

A

They gobble up cellular debris and secrete cytokines to activate other immune responses.

38
Q

What does an M2 macrophage do ?

A

M2 macrophages secrete transforming growth factor beta and other growth factors that stimulate tissue repair and fibrosis.

39
Q

Are M1 macrophages pro-inflammitory or anti-inflammatory ?

A

M1 macrophages are PRO-Inflammatory

40
Q

Are M2 macrophages Pro-inflammatory or Anti-inflammatory ?

A

M2 macrophages are Anti-Inflammatory

41
Q

In repair from necrosis what is a crude analogy of the function of a macrophage?

A

They are the garbage collectors

42
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

The fundamental cellular players in the adaptive immune system.

43
Q

What are the two types of lymphocytes, (broad category and include general function)

A

B Lymphocytes- humeral immunity

T-Lymphocytes- Cell mediated immunity

44
Q

What is the distribution of B cells to T cells in the blood?

A

60-70% are T cells and 10-20 % are B cells

45
Q

What are CD8+ cells

A

Killas

46
Q

What are CD4+ cells

A

Memory cells

47
Q

What is lymphocytic inflammation due to ?

A

Infection or autoimmune disease

48
Q

What type of cells are normally found in CSF?

A

The CSF in a classic case contains exclusively mononuclear cells. Predominately lymphocytes and no neutrophils.

49
Q

What does it mean when there are neutrophils in the CSF?

A

That there could potentially be the early aseptic meningitis.

50
Q

What will a CSF sample from a patient with bacterial meningitis show?

A

Greatly increased level of neutrophils.

51
Q

Where do plasma cells come from and what do they do?

A

Plasma cells come from activated B cells and they secrete antibodies.

52
Q

What does the plasma cell nucleus look like?

A

A clock face.

53
Q

Are plasma cells found in a patient who is healthy?

A

Plasma cells are not normally present in peripheral blood.

54
Q

What is an eosinophil?

A

Eosinophis are granuloctic leikocytes characteristically found in the inflammation around parasitic infestations and in allergic reactions. Especially asthma.

55
Q

What type of immunoglobin regulates eosinophils?

A

IgE

56
Q

If you see a patient with peripheral blood eosinophilia what should you do?

A

Immediately search for an allergen or a parasite.

57
Q

What do mast cells do.

A

Mast cells are granulocytes that participate in acute and chronic inflammation.

58
Q

What are their counterparts?

A

Basophils

59
Q

What types of cytoplasmic granules are present in mast cells?

A 
Histamine
Chemotactic factors that activate
-neutrophils
-eosinophils
-Leukotrienes
-proteases
-platelet activating factor
Cytokines
60
Q

What type of surface receptors do mast cells and basophils have?

A

IgE, and when stimulated they degranulate and release all the above mentioned chemicals.

61
Q

What does histamine do?

A

Causes vasodilatation and endothelial cell contraction mediating the vascular changes in inflammation.

62
Q

If mast cells release histamine throughout the body what happens?

A

anaphylactic shock

63
Q

What is a granuloma ?

A

2 or more activated macrophages working together.

64
Q

What is a multinucleated giant cell?

A

Syncytium of macrophages that are found at the site of chronic inflammation.

65
Q

When do multi nucleated giant cells form?

A

When single macrophage finds itself unable to engulf and phagocytose a large particle.

66
Q

What are the two most common types of multi-nucleated giant cells?

A

Foreign Body Type and Langhans Type

67
Q

What is a Langhans type?

A

Associated with immune granulomas

68
Q

What is a foreign body type?

A

It is when a single macrophage finds itself unable to engulf and phagocytose a large particle so it calls in its boys to help out.

69
Q

When does an immune type granuloma form?

A

In the presence of a persistent antigen induced immune reaction

70
Q

When do multinucleated giant cells form that are not macrophage syncytia occurs?

A

Multiple types of malignant tumors and in normal placenta.

71
Q

What is it called when two or more activated macrophages gather together in the name of chronic inflammation?

A

Granuloma

Pathology Kyle (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions