regulating water levels

Question 1

Osmoregulation

Answer 1

the maintenance of a constant osmotic pressure in the fluids of an organism.

Question 2

receptor (water)

Answer 2

water levels are not measured directly

osmoreceptors sense osmotic pressure in the hypothalamus.

baroreceptors, which detect the change in blood pressure and volume. do this in the stretch of arterial walls in the large arteries and kidney.

Question 3

Modulator ( water)

Answer 3

Osmoreceptors will be modulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

baroreceptor will be done through kidney cells as well as the hypothalamus.

Question 4

Effector (water)

Answer 4

the main effectors will be the diastral convoluted tubule and collecting duct of the nephron in the he kidney.

also hypothalamus

Question 5

Dehydration

Answer 5

drop in water concentration in the blood.

drop in water concentration and rise in blood solute concentration

Question 6

ADH antidiuretic hormone

Answer 6

produced in the hypothalamus

stimulates a rise in water concentration in the blood.

moves to the pituitary gland where it is released into the bloodstream.

Question 7

ADH function

Answer 7

when it reaches the kidney, ADH acts to increase re-absorption of water by adding more water channels (aquaporins)

cause blood solute concentration to decrease

Question 8

Renin

Answer 8

released in response to fall in blood pressure. kidneys register this.

Question 9

Renin function

Answer 9

causes the adrenal glands to produce aldosterone

this cases sodium to be reabsorbed from the kidneys and water follows. caused by activation of sodium-potassium pumps