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IEM > reglaic buddha > Flashcards

reglaic buddha Flashcards

1
Q

use of ionizing radiation to produce a recorded image.

A

radiography

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2
Q

what are the different areas in radiology department

A

RECEPTION OR INFORMATION AREA
DRESSING ROOM
EXPOSURE ROOM
DARK ROOM
READING ROOM
SORTING ROOM

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3
Q

a place where the patient fills his/her medical forms, schedule for examination, releasing of results and answering patient inquiries.

A

RECEPTION OR INFORMATION AREA

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4
Q

an area where the patient change their dress to a
patient gown before the examination.

A

DRESSING ROOM

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5
Q

an area where the x-ray examination is being
conducted

A

EXPOSURE ROOM

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6
Q

a room where processing cycle of the exposed x-ray film takes place.

A

DARK ROOM

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7
Q

an area where diagnostic report or findings were interpreted or rule-out based on the patient request through our Radiologists

A

READING ROOM

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8
Q

Radiograph was viewed by the aid of

A

NEGATOSCOPE or VIEW BOX.

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9
Q

an area where the radiograph and results are being sorted and kept.

A

SORTING ROOM

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10
Q

where the radiography starts and ends
is a room devoid of white light in which the processing takes place

A

DARK ROOM

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11
Q

hypersensitivity to fumes

A

DARKROOM DISEASE

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12
Q

OSHA stands for

A

Occupational Safety and Health Agency

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13
Q

also known as INVISIBLE image.

A

LATENT IMAGE

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14
Q

also known as VISIBLE image.

A

MANIFEST IMAGE

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15
Q

increase in sensitivity after exposure to white light or ionizing radiation

A

LATENSIFICATION

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16
Q

What are the factors to consider in darkroom

A

LOCATION
SIZE
PROTECTS FROM RADIATION
VENTILATION
CLEANLINESS
LIGHT TIGHT ENTRANCE
COLOR OF WALLS
ELECTRICL WIRINGS
SAFELIGHT

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17
Q

What is the size of darkroom?

A

15x9.5ft or greater

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18
Q

how can we protect dr from radiation

A

6inches thick concrete
hallow blocks filled with cement
wood coated with 1.5mm of Pb

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19
Q

how many air changes should be in a dark room?

A

8-10 room changes per hour

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20
Q

air movement

A

15-25 ft/min

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21
Q

what is the storage temperature of a DR?

A

10-21 degree Celsius or 50-70F

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22
Q

what is the old DR temperature?

A

20 degree celsius or 67-83F

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23
Q

what is the new temperature for DR?

A

18-24 degree Celsius or 65-85F

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24
Q

what is the humidity for storage room?

A

40-60% but not less than 45%

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25
Q

what is the humidity for DR?

A

30-60%

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26
Q

it is a root like artifact

A

static artifact

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27
Q

What are the tools to measure the humidity

A

hygrometer and psychromter

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28
Q

what are the types of light tight entrances

A

single door
double door
labyrinth or maze
revolving

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29
Q

prevents opening of the passbox when one
side is open

A

interlocking system

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30
Q

when the lock is engaged, it will prevent the door from opening when the storage bin is open

A

locking mechanism

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31
Q

why white light is necessary in DR?

A

maintenance
emergency use
cleaning

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32
Q

the illumination should be at _____ distance to the work bench

A

3-4ft

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33
Q

the illumination should be at _____ distance to the Automatic processor and feed tray

A

4ft

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34
Q

give the required distance and power of tungsten bulb

A

7.5watts at 3ft
15watts at 4ft

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35
Q

filters out Red, Orange and Yellow colors
and appears brownish

A

amber filter

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36
Q

filters only the intensity

A

Kodak wratten 6b filter

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37
Q

A multi-purpose filter

A

kodak GBX-2 filter

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38
Q

what is the required color for the walls of DR

A

light/pastel
enemel/epoxy
matte finish

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39
Q

what are the components of dry section

A

loading bench
film bin
storage compartment
storage cabinet
passbox
ventilation

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40
Q

it contains an area for loading and unloading film
holders.

A

loading bench

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41
Q

what is the maximum lenght of loading bench

A

can fit 2 14X17 cassete

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42
Q

what is the proper height for loading bench

A

3ft

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43
Q

what is the proper depth of the loading bench

A

24inches

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44
Q

It is customary to deep supply of opened x-ray film boxes sufficient for immediate needs, located underneath the loading bench

A

film bin

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45
Q

The ideal way to store cassette and film holders are in vertical compartment, so that they are readily accessible but not encroach on the working surface of the loading bench.

A

storage compartment

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46
Q

A cabinet which you can store, different accessories used in processing such a Package chemicals, Mixing Accessories, and Towels and etc.

A

storage cabinet

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47
Q

also called “Cassette Transfer Cabinet”

A

passbox

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48
Q

Those that exit the patient and interact with the image receptor

A

IMAGE FORMING X-RAYS

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49
Q

The x-rays that remain as the useful beam exits the patient

A

EXIT BEAM

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50
Q

what are the parts of a radiographic film

A

topcoat
emulsion
adhesive layer
base

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51
Q

what is the other name for top coat

A

over coat
super coat
super coating
protective coating

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52
Q

what is the composition of top coat

53
Q

what is the thickness of a radiographic film

A

150-300 micro meter

54
Q

what is the biggest size of xray cassete

A

14X17 inches or 35-43 cm

55
Q

what is the smallest size of xray cassete

A

8X10 inches or 20-25 cm

56
Q

what is the composition of Emulsion

A

gelatin
silver halide crystal

57
Q

what is the composition of SHC

A

silver bromide-98%
silver iodide-2%

58
Q

this is the mechanical binder that holds the silver halide crystal

59
Q

what is the characteristics of gelatin

A

clear and sufficiently porous

60
Q

the gelatin ____ during processing so that chemicals can penetrate the silver halide crystals

61
Q

the gelatin ______ after the invisible image becomes visible

62
Q

what is the size of emulsion

A

3-5 micro meter

63
Q

what is the size of silver halide crytal

A

1-1.5 micro meter

64
Q

imperfections in the crystal structure

A

sensitivity specks

65
Q

what is the other term for adhesive layer

A

substratum layer

66
Q

what is the composition of base

67
Q

what is the composition of polyester

A

ethylene glycol
dimethyl terephthalate

68
Q

what are the characteristic of a good base

A

lucency
dimensional stability
superior physical stability
blue tint

69
Q

what are the characteristics of a good film

A

film speed
film latitude
film contrast

70
Q

ability of the film to respond

A

film speed

71
Q

ability of the film to record differences in densities across the film

A

film contrast

72
Q

film’s ability to record acceptable range of densities

A

film latitude

73
Q

what are the general types of film

A

screen type film
direct exposure film
single emulsion film

74
Q

the most widely used radiographic film, general choice for diagnostic radiology

A

screen type film

75
Q

what are the ways to reduce parallax effect

A

tinting the film with blue dye
using monochromatic film
adding anti crossover layer
using thinner base

76
Q

designed for use w/o the need of an intensifying screen

A

direct exposure film

77
Q

what are the spectral sensitivity of a film

A

monochromatic film
orthochromatic film
panchromatic film

78
Q

what are the grain technologies

A

globular
tabular

79
Q

give atleast 8types of types of film according to use purpose

A

mammographic film
therapy localizing film
detal xray film
video film
photoflourographic
cine or roll film
duplicating film
subtraction film
dosimeter or personnel monitoring film
automatic serial changer
industrial film
polaroid radiographic film
laser film
spot film

80
Q

fresh film storage temperature

A

20 decree Celsius or 70F

81
Q

fresh films storage humidity

82
Q

storage temperature (5-7yrs)

83
Q

storage temperature film (30-45days)

A

21 degree Celsius or 70F

84
Q

storage temperature of greater than 1year

A

10 degree Celsius or 50F

85
Q

how should we place film when storing

A

vertical, at edge, and straight or upright

86
Q

films are packed in

A

photo inert polyethelene bag

87
Q

contamination of developer solution with 0.1% of fixer

A

chemical fog

88
Q

restrainer prevents chemical fog by regulating development

A

development fog

89
Q

most common form of film fogging

A

safelight fogging

90
Q

the_________ is the rigid, light-tight container that holds the screens and film in close contact

91
Q

with low Z and radiolucent front

A

metal frame

92
Q

what is the composition of metal frame

A

magnesium
bakelite
carbon fiber

93
Q

compression layer, maintains proper film-screen contact

A

contact felt

94
Q

light-tight seal is completed by a snap or latch

95
Q

absorbs backscatter

96
Q

what is the composition of lead foil

A

lead
manganese

97
Q

when is the beginning of usage in intensifying screen

98
Q

converts xray energy to light

A

transducer

99
Q

the intensifying screen is made out of ____ with an active layer containing phosphors

A

polyester base

100
Q

poor contact of screens and in film may cause to

A

localized loss of record detail
localizing blurring on the image

101
Q

poor film-screen contact may be verified by
radiographing a

A

wire mesh test

102
Q

the intensifying screen allows ___ less radiation exposure

A

15-20 times

103
Q

what are the layers of an Intensifying screen

A

base
reflective layer
phosphor layer
protective coating

104
Q

what is the size of the base of the intensifying screen

A

1mm or 1000 micro meter

105
Q

what is the characteristics of the base of the intensifying screen

A

*resilient & moisture resistant
*does not suffer radiation damage or discoloration
*chemically inert & not interact with the phosphor layer
*flexible but not elastic
*must not contain impurities

106
Q

what is the thickness of the reflective layer of IS

A

25 micro meter

107
Q

also called crossover control layer, is designed for rare-earth screens and green-sensitive films

A

anti crossover layer

108
Q

what is the thickness of the phosphor layer

A

150-300 micro meter or 60mg/ cm^2

109
Q

what is the ability to give light

A

luminescence

110
Q

ability of phosphor to give off light only while exposed to x-ray

A

fluorescence

111
Q

light emission during x-ray exposure
or while/promptly emitted or within

A

10^-8 seconds

112
Q

continue to emit light even after x-ray exposure has ceased or stopped

A

phosphorescence

113
Q

after glow occur in what time

114
Q

the ability of the phosphor to interact with x-ray

A

detective quantum efficiency

115
Q

the ability of the phosphor to convert x-ray into light

A

conversion efficiency

116
Q

specific color that the phosphors emit must match with the spectral sensitivity of the film

A

spectral matching

117
Q

what is the thickness of the protective coating

A

10-20 micro meter

118
Q

what are the phosphor materials

A

calcium tungstate
barium lead sulfate or barium flurochloride
zinc sulfide
rare earth

119
Q

this has a 5% xray to light conversion, used with blue sensitive films

A

calcium tungstate

120
Q

used to produce high speed screens, for high KVp techniques

A

barium lead sulfate or barium flurochloride

121
Q

used in fluoroscopic screens, responds well with low intensity radiation

A

zinc sulfide

122
Q

speed – 1000 to 1200, more efficient in converting x-rays to light. Needs less x-ray energy to provide the same energy conversion as calcium tungstate.

18 to 25% x-ray to light conversion, only efficient in 40 to 75 kV range

A

rare earth

123
Q

what are the rare earth phosphors

A

lanthanum oxybromide
gadolinium oxysulfide
yttrium tantalite

124
Q

what is the color sensitivity of lanthanum oxybromide

125
Q

what is the color sensitivity of gadolinium oxysulfide

126
Q

what is the color sensitivity of ytrium tantalite

A

ultraviolet
violet
blue
green

127
Q

refers color of light to which particular film is most sensitive

A

spectral sensitivity

128
Q

color of light produced by a particular intensifying screen

A

spectral emission

129
Q

matching the sensitivity of the film
to the color of emission of intensifying screen

A

spectral matching

IEM (4 decks)

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