reglaic buddha Flashcards
use of ionizing radiation to produce a recorded image.
radiography
what are the different areas in radiology department
RECEPTION OR INFORMATION AREA
DRESSING ROOM
EXPOSURE ROOM
DARK ROOM
READING ROOM
SORTING ROOM
a place where the patient fills his/her medical forms, schedule for examination, releasing of results and answering patient inquiries.
RECEPTION OR INFORMATION AREA
an area where the patient change their dress to a
patient gown before the examination.
DRESSING ROOM
an area where the x-ray examination is being
conducted
EXPOSURE ROOM
a room where processing cycle of the exposed x-ray film takes place.
DARK ROOM
an area where diagnostic report or findings were interpreted or rule-out based on the patient request through our Radiologists
READING ROOM
Radiograph was viewed by the aid of
NEGATOSCOPE or VIEW BOX.
an area where the radiograph and results are being sorted and kept.
SORTING ROOM
where the radiography starts and ends
is a room devoid of white light in which the processing takes place
DARK ROOM
hypersensitivity to fumes
DARKROOM DISEASE
OSHA stands for
Occupational Safety and Health Agency
also known as INVISIBLE image.
LATENT IMAGE
also known as VISIBLE image.
MANIFEST IMAGE
increase in sensitivity after exposure to white light or ionizing radiation
LATENSIFICATION
What are the factors to consider in darkroom
LOCATION
SIZE
PROTECTS FROM RADIATION
VENTILATION
CLEANLINESS
LIGHT TIGHT ENTRANCE
COLOR OF WALLS
ELECTRICL WIRINGS
SAFELIGHT
What is the size of darkroom?
15x9.5ft or greater
how can we protect dr from radiation
6inches thick concrete
hallow blocks filled with cement
wood coated with 1.5mm of Pb
how many air changes should be in a dark room?
8-10 room changes per hour
air movement
15-25 ft/min
what is the storage temperature of a DR?
10-21 degree Celsius or 50-70F
what is the old DR temperature?
20 degree celsius or 67-83F
what is the new temperature for DR?
18-24 degree Celsius or 65-85F
what is the humidity for storage room?
40-60% but not less than 45%
what is the humidity for DR?
30-60%
it is a root like artifact
static artifact
What are the tools to measure the humidity
hygrometer and psychromter
what are the types of light tight entrances
single door
double door
labyrinth or maze
revolving
prevents opening of the passbox when one
side is open
interlocking system
when the lock is engaged, it will prevent the door from opening when the storage bin is open
locking mechanism
why white light is necessary in DR?
maintenance
emergency use
cleaning
the illumination should be at _____ distance to the work bench
3-4ft
the illumination should be at _____ distance to the Automatic processor and feed tray
4ft
give the required distance and power of tungsten bulb
7.5watts at 3ft
15watts at 4ft
filters out Red, Orange and Yellow colors
and appears brownish
amber filter
filters only the intensity
Kodak wratten 6b filter
A multi-purpose filter
kodak GBX-2 filter
what is the required color for the walls of DR
light/pastel
enemel/epoxy
matte finish
what are the components of dry section
loading bench
film bin
storage compartment
storage cabinet
passbox
ventilation
it contains an area for loading and unloading film
holders.
loading bench
what is the maximum lenght of loading bench
can fit 2 14X17 cassete
what is the proper height for loading bench
3ft
what is the proper depth of the loading bench
24inches
It is customary to deep supply of opened x-ray film boxes sufficient for immediate needs, located underneath the loading bench
film bin
The ideal way to store cassette and film holders are in vertical compartment, so that they are readily accessible but not encroach on the working surface of the loading bench.
storage compartment
A cabinet which you can store, different accessories used in processing such a Package chemicals, Mixing Accessories, and Towels and etc.
storage cabinet
also called “Cassette Transfer Cabinet”
passbox
Those that exit the patient and interact with the image receptor
IMAGE FORMING X-RAYS
The x-rays that remain as the useful beam exits the patient
EXIT BEAM
what are the parts of a radiographic film
topcoat
emulsion
adhesive layer
base
what is the other name for top coat
over coat
super coat
super coating
protective coating
what is the composition of top coat
gelatin
what is the thickness of a radiographic film
150-300 micro meter
what is the biggest size of xray cassete
14X17 inches or 35-43 cm
what is the smallest size of xray cassete
8X10 inches or 20-25 cm
what is the composition of Emulsion
gelatin
silver halide crystal
what is the composition of SHC
silver bromide-98%
silver iodide-2%
this is the mechanical binder that holds the silver halide crystal
gelatin
what is the characteristics of gelatin
clear and sufficiently porous
the gelatin ____ during processing so that chemicals can penetrate the silver halide crystals
swells
the gelatin ______ after the invisible image becomes visible
rehardens
what is the size of emulsion
3-5 micro meter
what is the size of silver halide crytal
1-1.5 micro meter
imperfections in the crystal structure
sensitivity specks
what is the other term for adhesive layer
substratum layer
what is the composition of base
polyester
what is the composition of polyester
ethylene glycol
dimethyl terephthalate
what are the characteristic of a good base
lucency
dimensional stability
superior physical stability
blue tint
what are the characteristics of a good film
film speed
film latitude
film contrast
ability of the film to respond
film speed
ability of the film to record differences in densities across the film
film contrast
film’s ability to record acceptable range of densities
film latitude
what are the general types of film
screen type film
direct exposure film
single emulsion film
the most widely used radiographic film, general choice for diagnostic radiology
screen type film
what are the ways to reduce parallax effect
tinting the film with blue dye
using monochromatic film
adding anti crossover layer
using thinner base
designed for use w/o the need of an intensifying screen
direct exposure film
what are the spectral sensitivity of a film
monochromatic film
orthochromatic film
panchromatic film
what are the grain technologies
globular
tabular
give atleast 8types of types of film according to use purpose
mammographic film
therapy localizing film
detal xray film
video film
photoflourographic
cine or roll film
duplicating film
subtraction film
dosimeter or personnel monitoring film
automatic serial changer
industrial film
polaroid radiographic film
laser film
spot film
fresh film storage temperature
20 decree Celsius or 70F
fresh films storage humidity
40-60%
storage temperature (5-7yrs)
60-80F
storage temperature film (30-45days)
21 degree Celsius or 70F
storage temperature of greater than 1year
10 degree Celsius or 50F
how should we place film when storing
vertical, at edge, and straight or upright
films are packed in
photo inert polyethelene bag
contamination of developer solution with 0.1% of fixer
chemical fog
restrainer prevents chemical fog by regulating development
development fog
most common form of film fogging
safelight fogging
the_________ is the rigid, light-tight container that holds the screens and film in close contact
cassette
with low Z and radiolucent front
metal frame
what is the composition of metal frame
magnesium
bakelite
carbon fiber
compression layer, maintains proper film-screen contact
contact felt
light-tight seal is completed by a snap or latch
hinges
absorbs backscatter
lead foil
what is the composition of lead foil
lead
manganese
when is the beginning of usage in intensifying screen
1900
converts xray energy to light
transducer
the intensifying screen is made out of ____ with an active layer containing phosphors
polyester base
poor contact of screens and in film may cause to
localized loss of record detail
localizing blurring on the image
poor film-screen contact may be verified by
radiographing a
wire mesh test
the intensifying screen allows ___ less radiation exposure
15-20 times
what are the layers of an Intensifying screen
base
reflective layer
phosphor layer
protective coating
what is the size of the base of the intensifying screen
1mm or 1000 micro meter
what is the characteristics of the base of the intensifying screen
*resilient & moisture resistant
*does not suffer radiation damage or discoloration
*chemically inert & not interact with the phosphor layer
*flexible but not elastic
*must not contain impurities
what is the thickness of the reflective layer of IS
25 micro meter
also called crossover control layer, is designed for rare-earth screens and green-sensitive films
anti crossover layer
what is the thickness of the phosphor layer
150-300 micro meter or 60mg/ cm^2
what is the ability to give light
luminescence
ability of phosphor to give off light only while exposed to x-ray
fluorescence
light emission during x-ray exposure
or while/promptly emitted or within
10^-8 seconds
continue to emit light even after x-ray exposure has ceased or stopped
phosphorescence
after glow occur in what time
10^-8s
the ability of the phosphor to interact with x-ray
detective quantum efficiency
the ability of the phosphor to convert x-ray into light
conversion efficiency
specific color that the phosphors emit must match with the spectral sensitivity of the film
spectral matching
what is the thickness of the protective coating
10-20 micro meter
what are the phosphor materials
calcium tungstate
barium lead sulfate or barium flurochloride
zinc sulfide
rare earth
this has a 5% xray to light conversion, used with blue sensitive films
calcium tungstate
used to produce high speed screens, for high KVp techniques
barium lead sulfate or barium flurochloride
used in fluoroscopic screens, responds well with low intensity radiation
zinc sulfide
speed – 1000 to 1200, more efficient in converting x-rays to light. Needs less x-ray energy to provide the same energy conversion as calcium tungstate.
18 to 25% x-ray to light conversion, only efficient in 40 to 75 kV range
rare earth
what are the rare earth phosphors
lanthanum oxybromide
gadolinium oxysulfide
yttrium tantalite
what is the color sensitivity of lanthanum oxybromide
blue
what is the color sensitivity of gadolinium oxysulfide
green
what is the color sensitivity of ytrium tantalite
ultraviolet
violet
blue
green
refers color of light to which particular film is most sensitive
spectral sensitivity
color of light produced by a particular intensifying screen
spectral emission
matching the sensitivity of the film
to the color of emission of intensifying screen
spectral matching