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IEM > IEM > Flashcards

IEM Flashcards

1
Q

Is the study of electric charges in static form

A

ELECTROSTATIC

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2
Q

the property of subatomic particles that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electric and magnetic field

A

Electric Charge

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3
Q

positively charge ions result from the loss of electrons and are called

A

cations

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4
Q

Negatively charge ions result from the gain of electrons and are called

A

anions

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5
Q

Electrification can be created by the following

A

Contact, Friction, and Induction

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6
Q

a connection that causes the flow electrons

A

Contact

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7
Q

buildup of electron caused by rubbing object together.

A

Friction

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8
Q

using the electric field of a charged object to confer a charge on an uncharged object

A

induction

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9
Q

An object is said to be _____ if it has too few or too many electrons

A

Electrified

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10
Q

behaves as a huge reservoir for stray electric charges.

A

Earth (electric Ground)

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11
Q

What are the electro static law?

A

Like charges attract, unlike charges repel. coulomb’s law, electric distribution, electrified charge distribution

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12
Q

The fundamental unit of electrical charge is the

A

Coulomb

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13
Q

1C=

A

6.3x10^18

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14
Q

has the ability to the work when this energy is released

A

Electric Potential

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15
Q

Electric potential is sometimes termed

A

Electromotive force or Voltage

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16
Q

the study of charges in motion

A

Electrodynamics

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17
Q

FOUR ELECTRICAL STATE OF MATTER

A

Conductors, Insulator, semiconductor, superconductor

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18
Q

matter through which electrons flow easily; copper, aluminum, water

A

conductor

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19
Q

matter that inhibits the flow of electrons ;glass, clay, earth like material.

A

Insulator

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20
Q

matter that under some conditions behaves as an insulators and under other conditions act as a conduction ;Silicon and germanium

A

semi conductor

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21
Q

Is the property of limited resistance to electron flow below critical temperature

A

Superconductor

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22
Q

When the resistance is controlled and the electron flow over a closed path, the result is

A

Electric circuit

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23
Q

Electric current are measured in

A

Ampere

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24
Q

Electric potential is measured in

A

Volt

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25
Q

states that the voltage across the total circuit or any portion of the current is equal to the current times the resistance

A

OHMS law

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26
Q

The opposition to the flow of an electric current, producing heat.

A

resistance

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27
Q

What Influences Resistance?

A

material of wire, thickness, lenght, and temperature

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28
Q

allows electron to flow in one direction

A

diode

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29
Q

provides electric potential

A

battery

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30
Q

momentarily stores electric charge

A

capacitor

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31
Q

increases or decreases voltage by fixed amount (AC only)

A

Transformer

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32
Q

Comprises a path along which the whole current flows through each component

A

Series circuit

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33
Q

here are several branching paths to the components.

A

Parallel circuit

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34
Q

Electrons flowing in one direction along the conductor
Where electrons flow in the same direction in a wire.

A

Direct current

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35
Q

Current in which electrons oscillates back and forth
electrons flow in different directions in a wire

A

Alternating Current (AC)

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36
Q

Measured in Watts (W)

A

Power

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37
Q

The word magnetism comes from the name of that amount village

A

Magnesia

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38
Q

Magnetite is a

A

magnetic oxide of iron

39
Q

is the properties and interactions of magnets

A

Magnetism

40
Q

best example is the earth itself, because it spins on an axis.

A

Natural Magnet

41
Q

available in many sizes and shapes but principally as bar or horseshoe-shaped magnets, usually made of iron.(e.g. compass)

A

Artificially produced permanent magnets

42
Q

consist of a wire wrapped around an iron core

A

Electromagnets

43
Q

cannot be magnetized
they cannot be artificially magnetized, and they are not attracted to a magnet

A

Diamagnetic

44
Q

Materials lie somewhere between ferromagnetic and non-magnetic.
they are slightly attracted to a magnetic field

A

Paramagnetic

45
Q

can be easily magnetized
strongly attracted by a magnet and can be usually be permanently magnetized by exposure to a magnetic field

A

Ferromagnetic

46
Q

Every magnet no matter how small has two poles, north pole and south pole, equivalent to positive and negative electrostatic charges

A

Magnetic Dipoles

47
Q

Imaginary magnetic field lines are called magnetic lines of induction and the density of the lines is proportional to the intensity of the magnetic field

A

Magnetic Induction

48
Q

This magnetic force is similar to electrostatic and gravitational forces that also are inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects under consideration. If the distance between two bar magnets is halved, the magnetic force increases by four times

A

Magnetic Force

49
Q

The SI unit of magnetic field strength is the

A

Tesla or gauss

50
Q

1 tesla is equivalent to how many gauss?

A

10,000 Gauss

51
Q

The Earth’s magnetic field is proximately ___ at the poles and ___ at the equator

A

50 and 100

52
Q

Magnetism produced by electricity called

A

ELECTROMAGNETISM

53
Q

who discovered animal electricity

A

Luigi Galvani

54
Q

discovered voltaic pile

A

Alessandro Volta

55
Q

Each zinc-copper sandwich is called

A

cell of a battery

56
Q

A coil of wire is called

A

selonoid

57
Q

says that an electric current will be induced to flow in a circuit if some part of that circuit is in a changing magnetic field.

A

Faraday’s law

58
Q

The magnitude of the induced current depends on the four factors:

A

strength of magnetic field, velocity of magnetic field, angle of the conductor, number of turns in conductor

59
Q

Converts mechanical to electrical energy

A

electric generator

60
Q

Converts electrical to mechanical energy

A

electric motor

61
Q

operates on the principle of mutual induction, it will only operate with a changing electric current (AC)

A

Transformer

62
Q

is a square doughnut of magnetic material

A

closed- core transformer

63
Q

consists of an iron core with only one winding of wire

A

autotransformer

64
Q

most used transformer

A

shell type transformer

65
Q

Changes AC to DC

A

Rectifier

66
Q

what are the 3 component of xray units

A

operating console, high voltage generator, xray tube

67
Q

is the most familiar to the radiographer, this apparatus allows the radiographer to control xray tube

A

control panel

68
Q

basic controls of control panel

A

on/off control, KVp selection, mAs Selection, table or wall unit activation, exposure switch, line compensation, mA meter, AEC or phototiming

69
Q

incorporates a meter to measure the voltage
provided to the x-ray machine and a control to adjust that voltage to
precisely 220 volts.

A

Line compensation

70
Q

Some older x-ray operating consoles have labelled major kVp and
minor kVp, by selecting a combination of these controls the
radiographer can provide precisely the required kVp.
kVp

A

KVp adjustment

71
Q

Determines the penetrating quality of the x-ray beam

A

KVp

72
Q

it allows the voltage to be monitored before an exposure

A

prereading KVp Meter

73
Q

The number of electrons emitted by the filament is determined by
the temperature of the filament.
The filament temperature is controlled by the filament current,
which is measured in Amperes (A)

A

mA Control

74
Q

Filament normally operates at the current between

A

3-6 ampere

75
Q

cause the x-ray tube to emit for a specific time as
determined by the radiographer or by an automatic exposure
control

A

exposure timer

76
Q

are very simple devices used only in some portable and dental units.
The __________ operates by clockwork.

A

mechanical timer

77
Q

A special type of electronic motor, known as _______,
is a precision device designed to drive a shaft at precisely 60
revolutions per seconds (rps)

A

synchronous timer

78
Q

are the most sophisticated, most complicated, and
most accurate of the x-ray exposure timers

A

Electronic timer

79
Q

Most x-ray apparatus is designed for accurate control of tube current and exposure time. The product of mA and time (mAs) determines
the number of x-ray emitted

A

mAs Timer

80
Q

automatically stops when enough exposure is emitted

A

AEC

81
Q

it is used to evaluate time xray are produced, it is important in controlling xray emission/exposure

A

evaluation timer

82
Q

2 types of evaluation timer

A

spinning top and oscillator

83
Q

is responsible for converting the low voltage from
the electric power company into a kilo-voltage of
the proper waveform.

A

high voltage generator

84
Q

This is a step-up transformer (the secondary voltage is
higher than the primary voltage

A

High voltage transformer

85
Q

The ratio of the number of secondary windings to the
number of primary windings is called

A

turn ratio

86
Q

is the process of converting alternating voltage into direct voltage and therefore alternating
current into direct current

A

rectification

87
Q

Represent a condition in which the voltage is not allowed to swing
negatively during the negatively half of its cycle

A

half wave rectification

88
Q

rectified circuit the negative half cycle corresponding
to the inverse voltage is reversed so that a positive voltage is always
directed across the x-ray tube.

A

full wave rectification

89
Q

results in pulsating x-ray beam. This is caused
by the alternating swing in voltage from zero to maximum potential
120 times each second under full wave rectification

A

single phase power

90
Q

multiple voltage waveforms are
superimposed on one another, which result in a waveform that
maintains a nearly constant high voltage.

A

three phase power

91
Q

The newest development in high-voltage generator design uses a
high-frequency circuit

A

high frequency generator

92
Q

is the variation in peak voltage waveform

A

voltage ripple

93
Q

The parts of an x-ray unit are identified by their power rating in kW

A

power rating

IEM (4 decks)

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