Regions

Question 1

Pelvic Inlet

Answer 1

• Oval-shaped opening that separates pelvic cavity from the abdominal cavity
• boundary between true pelvis (below) and false pelvis (above)
• males have narrower and heart-shaped
• entrance to the birth canal

Question 2

Pelvic Outlet

Answer 2

• allows excretory, reproductive, and digestive systems to pass through the body’s surface
• enlarges during childbirth
• opening at the bottom of the pelvis

Question 3

Greater sciatic foramen

Answer 3

• passageway for structures entering or leaving the pelvis (e.g., sciatic nerve)
• located on posterior hip bone/ilium
• formed by ST and SS ligaments
• Borders: greater sciatic notch, ischial spine, SS, ST
• Contents: piriformis, sciatic n., superior gluteal vessels/nerves, inferior gluteal nerve/vessels, posterior cutaneous n., nerves to Obturator Internus and quadratus femoris

Question 4

Lesser Sciatic Foramen

Answer 4

• passageway for structures entering or leaving the perineum (e.g., pudendal nerve).
• below pelvic floor
• formed by ST and SS ligaments
• Boundaries: ischial body, ischial spine, SS, ST
• Contents: pudendal nerve/vessels, Obturator Internus and its nerve,

Question 5

Obturator

Answer 5

• passageway to smaller arteries and nerves
• obturator membrane closes obturator foramen in the hip bone, provides surface for muscle attachments, allows passage through canal
• obturator membrane separates internal and external obturator muscles (named based on location, NOT rotation)
• obturator canal is an opening in super lateral surface of membrane that allows obturator nerve, vein, artery to exit pelvis and travel to medial thigh

Question 6

Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 6

• cause of back problems
• iliacus, Psoas major/minor, QL, and diaphragm(?)

Question 7

Muscles of Anterior Thigh Acting at Hip

Answer 7

Pectineus, sartorius

Question 8

Superficial Gluteal Region

Answer 8

• G. Maximus, G. medius, G. minimus, TFL
• all have PA to posterolateral (external) surface and margins of the ala of ilium and are mainly extensors, abductors, and rotators at the hip

Question 9

Iliotibial (IT) Band

Answer 9

• supportive layer of fascia
• lateral thigh
  -TFL and gluteus Maximus attach
• band gets stuck on vastus lateralis

Question 10

Deep Gluteal Region

Answer 10

Piriformis, Obturator Internus, Superior and Inferior Gemelli, Quadratus Femoris

Question 11

Musculature of Anterior Abdominal Wall

Answer 11

Transversus abdominis, internal oblique, rectus abdominis, external oblique

Question 12

Medial Thigh Group

Answer 12

• all do hip adduction and all innervated by obturator n.
• Adductor longus/brevis/Magnus, Gracilis, Obturator Externus

Question 13

Inguinal Region

Answer 13

• inguinal ligament is superior border
• contents include femoral artery and vein

Question 14

Femoral Triangle

Answer 14

• Borders: inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus
• VAN goes through (femoral vein, artery, nerve) from medial to lateral
• additionally, profounda femoris artery, iliotibial tract, and saphenous nerve

Question 15

Adductor Canal

Answer 15

• beginning of the adductor canal is the apex of the the femoral triangle
• deep to the sartorius
• no nerve lying directly on the bone
• saphenous nerve
• femoral VAN
• adductor hiatus

Question 16

Muscles of Anterior Thigh Acting on Knee Joint

Answer 16

Quadriceps Femoris
(Rectus femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus intermedius, Vastus medialis)

Question 17

Posterior Thigh

Answer 17

Hamstrings
(Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, biceps Femoris long&short head)

Question 18

Popliteal Fossa

Answer 18

A. V. N (med to lat)
Popliteal artery and vein
Tibial nerve (also has common fibular n and sural n)
Borders: Semitendinosus, bicep Femoris long head, medial and head gastrocnemius