Regionalism and the Global South

Question 1

What are the Cold War terms for classifying the world?

Answer 1

First world: Western democracies
Second world: SU and Communist World
Third world: non-aligned states (incoherent categorisation)

Question 2

What does the Global South broadly refer to?

Answer 2

Regions of Latin America, Asia, Africa and Oceania

Question 3

The Global South has a conflict interest with whom?

Answer 3

Industrialised powers

Question 4

What does the Global South reference?

Answer 4

An entire history of colonialism, neo-imperialism, differential economic and social change through which large inequalities are maintained.

Question 5

The Global South has how much population and how much wealth?

Answer 5

80% of population, 20% of wealth

Question 6

What are the characteristics of the Global South?

Answer 6

Mostly non-democratic
Technologically underdeveloped
Rapid population growth
Overstreteched resources

Question 7

What are the 5 principles of non-alignment?

Answer 7

1. Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty
2. Mutual non-aggression
3. Mutual non-interference in domestic affairs
4. Equality and mutual benefit
5. Peaceful co-existance

Question 8

Which conference in which year established South-South Cooperation (SSC)?

Answer 8

1955 Asian-African Bandung Conference

Question 9

What are the foundations of SSC?

Answer 9

Economic and cultural cooperation
Human Rights
The Promotion of World Peace

Question 10

What are the main outcomes of SSC?

Answer 10

Third world solidarity
Challenge colony-metropole vertical relations that were inhibiting global south relations.
Establishment of the Non-Alignment Movement (non inteference, non alignment)

Question 11

How does Nye define regionalism?

Answer 11

“Regionalism could be defined as preferential cooperation among nations that are relocated in terms of geographical proximity, with certain common characteristics such as historical, cultural, political and so forth. The objective of cooperation might be economic, political or cultural in nature”.

Question 12

What is regionalism as a political process?

Answer 12

Cooperation among states for establishing institutions to bring about cooperation in a region.

Question 13

What is regionalism as an economic process?

Answer 13

Market integration associated with cross border flow of capital, people, products and technology within specific area.

Question 14

What was the purpose of first wave regionalism (1940s to 1960s)?

Answer 14

Power, security, interest

1. Multipurpose institutions: The LEague of Arab States (LAS), the Organisation of American States (OAS), the Organisation of African Unity (OAU)- 1940s
2. Security alliances like NATO, CENTO, Warsaw Pact- 1950s
3. Economically focused institutions: European Community- 1958

Question 15

What was the purpose of second wave regionalism (1965-85)?

Answer 15

Mostly security
Developing states
Small steps to improve regional self-sufficiency and cooperation
Consolidation of sovereignty and autonomy

Question 16

Name a few examples of sub-regional level of ‘pan’ based organisations formed during the second wave of regionalism (1965-85)

Answer 16

Islamic Cooperation Organisation (ICO)
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

Question 17

What were the contributing factors to third wave regionalism?

Answer 17

Expierience of Western Europe (Maastricht Treaty)
Security regionalism:
- Self help system of weaker states
- Agenda setting opportunity for stronger regional states
- Ideational marking
Diversity of forums and organisations

Question 18

What are the developments in the Third wave of regionalism?

Answer 18

Emergence of new organisations

Reform of existing organisations

Question 19

Name a few examples of new organisations formed during the third wave of regionalism

Answer 19

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC)
Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR)
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)

Question 20

What is regionalism like in the Global South?

Answer 20

Sovereignty/ autonomy assured
Appreciating ideational factors
“Trying to be independent of discriminatory multinational channels such as WTO”
Systematic efforts to create frameworks offering policy and development options for the emerging and developing world (Saran, Sharan).

Question 21

How is the Global South a driving force for a new world order?

Answer 21

Addressing the global economic condition
Reforming financial and regulatory institutions
Improving cooperation on international issues which would have a direct impact on them and would also affect much of the developing world.

Question 22

Whose idea was BRICS?

Answer 22

Jim O’Neil, chairman of Goldman Sachs

Question 23

When did the first diplomatic meeting between the BRICS happen?

Answer 23

2009

Question 24

BRICS is a platform for what?

Answer 24

“Platform aiming for both political (short term) as well as economic (long term) alliances within a multinational system.

Question 25

BRICS account for how much of the world’s population?

Answer 25

42%

Question 26

BRICS account for how much of world’s land territory?

Answer 26

26%

Question 27

BRICS account for how much of the world’s GDP?

Answer 27

27%

Question 28

How much voting power do BRICS have in the World Bank and the IMF?

Answer 28

13% in World Bank

15% in IMF

Question 29

BRICS have contributed how much to world economic growth during the past 10 years?

Answer 29

More than 50%

Question 30

What are the BRICS goals?

Answer 30

Policy coordination within G20
Strengthen South-South cooperation
Promote UN reform
Resistance against US unilateralism (2018 Johannesburg Summit).
Joined forces to create an approach outside Western dominated institutions: New Development Bank, Contingency Reserve Arrangements