Regional Study Guide (super duper in depth) Flashcards
Who was considered the founder of latin literature?
Livius Andronicus
Where was Livius Andronicus born?
Tarentum
When was Livius Andronicus born?
c. 284 B.C.
How did Livius Andronicus come to Rome?
He was brought to Rome as a slave
Who translated Homer’s the Odyssey into Latin?
Livius Andronicus
Into what verse did Homer translate the Odyssey?
Saturnian verse
Who wrote the fabulae palliatae?
Livius Andronicus
What were the fabulae palliatae?
Latin comedies from Greek originals
Who was the first native Roman writer of note?
Gnaeus Naevius
When was Gnaeus Naevius born?
c. 270 BC
Who wrote the Bellum Punicum?
Gnaeus Naevius
What was the Bellum Punicum?
an epic poem on the First Punic War
In what verse is the Bellum Punicum?
Saturnian
Who invented fabulae praetextae?
Gnaeus Naevius
What were fabulae praetextae?
dramas based on Roman subjects named for the garment
Who wrote fabulae palliatae?
Gnaeus Naevius
What is Ennius’s full name?
Quintus Ennius
What kind of writer was Ennius?
a writer of plays and poems
Where was Ennius born?
Rudiae in Calabria
When was Ennius born?
239 BC
Who was said to have three hearts?
Ennius
Why was it said that Ennius had three hearts?
He spoke three languages
What languages did Ennius speak?
Latin, Oscan, and Greek
Out of Livius Andronicus, Naevius, and Ennius, who was revered the most by later writers?
Ennius
Who wrote the Annales?
Ennius (it’s his most important work)
How long is Annales?
18 books
What verse is Annales?
dactylic hexameter
What was Annales about?
Rome’s story from the fall of Troy to Ennius’s time
Who was the first writer to adapt Greek hexameter verse into Latin?
Ennius
What is Plautus’s full name?
Titus Maccus (Maccius) Plautus
What kind of writer was Plautus?
a comic playwright
When was Plautus born?
c. 255 BC
How many plays did Plautus write?
130
How many of Plautus’s plays are fully extant?
20
From which of Plautus’s plays does a large fragment remain?
Vidularia
From where does Plautus derive his plays?
Greece
Who wrote Amphitryon?
Plautus
What is Amphitryon about?
Jupiter’s love for Alcmena, the wife of Amphitryon
Who wrote Aulularia?
Plautus
What does Aulularia mean?
The Pot of Gold
Who wrote Captivi?
Plautus
What does Captivi mean?
The Captives
What is Captivi about?
a man Hegio searching for his lost sons
Which of Plautus’s plays has no female characters?
Captivi
Who wrote Epidicus?
Plautus
What was Plautus’s favorite play?
Epidicus
Who wrote Menaechmi?
Plautus
What does Menaechmi mean?
The Twin Menaechmi
What is one of Plautus’s most successful comedies?
Menaechmi
What is Menaechmi about?
two separated brothers discover each other and are reunited in Syracuse, the city of their births
Which of Plautus’s plays is the model for Shakespeare’s “A Comedy of Errors”?
Menaechmi
Who wrote Miles Gloriosus?
Plautus
What does Miles Gloriosus mean?
The Braggart Soldier
Who wrote Mostellaria?
Plautus
What does Mostellaria mean?
The Haunted House
Who wrote Poenulus?
Plautus
What does Poenulus mean?
The Carthaginian
Which of Plautus’s plays contains the only extant passage of Carthaginian language?
Poenulus
What is Poenulus about?
Hanno prevents his daughters from being sold into prostitution
Who wrote Pseudolus?
Plautus
What is Pseudolus about?
a title character who helps his master obtain enough money to free a courtesan named Phoenicium from Simo the procurer and a Macedonian officer who almost buys her
Who wrote Rudens?
Plautus
What does Rudens mean?
Rope
What is the full name of Cato the Elder?
Marcus Porcius Cato the Elder
What office did Cato the Elder hold?
Censor
Where was Cato the Elder born?
Tusculum
When was Cato the Elder born?
234 BC
In which war did Cato the Elder fight?
the Second Punic War
What did Cato the Elder end all his speeches with and what does it mean?
Carthago delenda est, Carthage must be destroyed
When did Cato the Elder die?
149 BC
Who was Rome’s first prose writer?
Cato the Elder
Who was the first person to write Roman history in Latin?
Cato the Elder
Who wrote Origines?
Cato the Elder
How many books are in Origines?
7 (all are lost)
What is Origines about?
the beginnings of Italian civilization and early Roman history
Who wrote De Agri Cultura?
Cato the Elder
What is De Agri Cultura also called?
De Re Rustica
What is De Agri Cultura about?
it’s a handbook on agriculture
According to De Agri Cultura, what is an excellent and versatile crop?
Cabbage
What is the first surviving Latin prose work?
De Agri Cultura
What was the first history written in Latin?
Origines
What was the only name mentioned in Orgines?
hannibal’s elephant that survived crossing the alps
What is Terence’s full name?
Publius Terentius Afer
What kind of writer was Terence?
a comic playwright
Where was Terence born?
Carthage
When was Terence born?
c. 195 BC
How did Terence get to Rome?
He was taken there as a slave
Who took Terence to Rome, educated and eventually freed him?
Terentius Lucanus
From whom did Terence get his name?
Terentius Lucanus
With whom did Terence become friends?
Scipio Aemilianus
How many plays did Terence write?
6 (all extant)
Where did Terence die?
on a trip to Greece
When did Terence die?
159 BC
Where are Terence’s plays set?
in Athens
Who wrote Andria?
Terence
What does Andria mean?
The Woman of Andros
Who wrote Hecyra?
Terence
What does Hecyra mean?
The Mother-In-Law
Who wrote Heauton Timorumenos?
Terence
What does Heauton Timorumenos mean?
The Self-Tormentor
Who wrote Eunuchus?
Terence
What does Eunuchus mean?
The Eunuch
Who wrote Phormio?
Terence
Who wrote Adelphi?
Terence
What does Adelphi mean?
The Brothers
What is Lucretius’s full name?
Titus Lucretius Carus
What kind of writer was Lucretius?
a poet
When was Lucretius born?
99 BC
Where was Lucretius born?
Rome
What philosophy did Lucretius follow?
Epicurean
According to St. Jerome, how did Lucretius die?
he took a love potion that made him insane and committed suicide
In what year did Lucretius die, and how old was he?
55 BC, he was 44 years old
What is Lucretius’s only surviving work?
De Rerum Natura
What does De Rerum Natura mean?
On the Nature of Things
What is De Rerum Natura?
an unfinished didactic epic poem
To whom is De Rerum Natura adressed?
Lucretius’s friend Gaius Memmius
Who was Gaius Memmius?
governor of Bithynia
How long is De Rerun Natura?
six books long
What is Cicero’s full name?
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Who was Cicero? (besides an orator)
a Roman statesmen
Who is the greatest Latin orator?
Cicero
Where was Cicero born?
Arpinum
When was Cicero born?
106 BC
How many extant orations does Cicero have?
58
How many non-extant orations did Cicero write?
48
What does Cicero’s name mean?
Chickpea
What is Cicero’s earliest extant speech?
Pro Quinctio
When was Pro Quinctio delivered?
81 BC
On whose behalf is Pro Quinctio?
Publius Quinctius
What is in dispute in the Pro Quinctio?
Gallic land
Who did Cicero argue against in the Pro Quinctio?
Hortensius, a famous orator
What is Cicero’s first political speech?
Pro Sexto Roscio Amerino
When did Cicero deliver Pro Sexto Roscio Amerino?
80 BC
Who did Cicero defend in Pro Sexto Rosico Amerino?
Sextus Roscius
What had Sextus Roscius been accused of when Cicero defended him?
patricide
When did Cicero serve as consul?
63 BC
Whose conspiracy did Cicero expose in 63 BC?
Catiline’s
How many speeches did Cicero give against Catiline?
four
When was In Catilinam I delivered?
November 8th
When was In Catilinam II delivered?
November 9th, one day after In Catilinam I
What did Catiline do because of In Catilinam I?
he was forced to leave Rome for Faesulae
What did In Catilinam II accomplish?
it convinced the senate to name Catiline a public enemy
When was In Catilinam III delivered?
December 3rd
What did In Catilinam III explain?
how Cicero got evidence against Catiline
When was In Catilinam IV delivered?
December 5th
What did In Catilinam IV accomplish?
it convinced the senate to execute Catiline’s co-conspirators
Whose praise did Cicero get by defeating Catiline?
the optimates (the highest class)
What did Cato the Younger call Cicero?
father of his country
Whose death in 45 BC affected Cicero greatly?
his daughter’s, Tullia
What caused Cicero to divorce his new wife?
her lack of compassion
Who did Cicero vigorously oppose after Caesar’s death in 44 BC?
Mark Antony
Who wrote Philippics?
Cicero
How many Philippics are there?
14
What are Philippics named after?
Demosthenes’s speeches against Philip of Macedon
Who are Philippics written in opposition of?
Mark Antony
What did the last Philippic suggest?
public celebration of Antony’s defeat at Mutina
How did Cicero die?
Antony and Octavian reconciled and executed him
When did Cicero die?
December 43 BC
Where did Cicero die?
Formiae
Who wrote De Re Publica?
Cicero
How long is De Re Publica?
six books
What is De Re Publica about?
political philosophy
When was De Re Publica begun?
54 BC
When was De Re Publica published?
51 BC, three years after it was begun
Which book of De Re Publica was the only known one until the others were discovered?
Somnium Scipionis (the sixth book)
Who wrote De Natura Deorum?
Cicero
What does De Re Natura do?
give Epicurean, Stoic, and Academic conceptions of the gods
What were sequels to De Re Natura?
De Divinatione and De Fato
Who wrote De Senectute?
Cicero
What does De Senectute mean?
On Old Age
What was another name for De Senectute?
Cato Major
Who was the main speaker of De Senectute?
Cato
What did people think of Cicero’s poetry?
it was respected in his own time, but later declined in reputation
Besides his speeches, political and philosophical writings, what did Cicero write?
letters and poetry
What is Sallust’s full name?
Gaius Sallustius Crispus
What kind of writer was Sallust?
a historian
When was Sallust born?
86 BC
When did Sallust write his works?
in his retirement
Who wrote Bellum Catilinae?
Sallust
What was Bellum Catilinae?
a monograph discussing Catiline’s conspriacy
What was Bellum Catilinae critical of?
aristocracy, but more critical of Catiline
Who wrote Bellum Jugurthinum?
Sallust
What does Bellum Jugurthinum do?
praise Marius in his war against Numidia’s King Jugurtha
Who wrote Historiae?
Sallust
What was Historiae?
a fragmentary work covering 78-67 BC
When did Sallust die?
35 BC
What is Catullus’s full name?
Gaius Valerius Catullus
What kind of writer was Catullus?
a lyric poet
Where was Catullus born?
Verona
When was Catullus born?
c. 84 BC
How old was Catullus when he went to Rome?
22
Who was Catullus’s father a friend of?
Caesar
Who did Catullus attack in a poem and later apologize to?
Caesar
Who was Catullus in love with?
Clodia
Who was Clodia the wife of?
Q. Caecilius Metellus
Who was Clodia the sister of?
Clodius (maybe)
What does Catullus call Clodia in his poems?
Lesbia
What was Catullus’s relationship with Lesbia?
at first she returned his love, but then she became unfaithful and rejected him
What did Catullus do when Lesbia rejected him?
return to Verona
What did Catullus discover when he returned from Verona to Rome?
Clodia had already taken a new lover
Where did Catullus go in 57 BC?
Bithynia
Why did Catullus go to Bithynia?
he went as a staff member of the governor Gaius Memmius
What did Catullus visit near Troy?
his brother’s grave
What did Catullus write after visiting his brother’s grave?
poem 101 (an effigy)
When did Catullus die and how old was he?
54 BC, 30 years okd
Where did Catullus die?
Rome
What are the two most common meters of Catullus?
Hendecasyllabics and elegiac couplet
What is Caesar’s full name?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Who was Caesar?
a famous military, political leader and a leading lawyer
Where was Caesar born?
Rome
When was Caesar born?
102 BC
Who was regarded as Cicero’s (almost) equal in oration?
Caesar
What style did Caesar follow?
the Attic
What did Caesar write about his conquest of Gaul?
Commentarii de Bello Gallico
What does Commentarii de Bello Gallico mean?
Commentaries on the Gallic Wars
How long is Commentarii de Bello Gallico?
7 books
How are the books of Commentarii de Bello Gallico divided?
one book for each year from 58 to 52 BC
Who wrote the eighth Commentarii de Bello Gallico book?
Hirtius
Who wrote Commentarii de Bello Civili?
Caesar
What does Commentarii de Bello Civili mean?
Commentaries on the Civil War
How many books are in Commentarii de Bello Civili?
Caesar only finished 3 books
What is Vergil’s full name?
Publius Vergilius Maro
What kind of writer was Vergil?
a poet
Where was Vergil born?
Andes (near Mantua)
When was Vergil born?
70 BC
Where is Vergil said to have started his Eclogues?
Mantua
When is Vergil said to have started his Eclogues?
43 BC
When did Vergil lose his farm?
after Philippi (but he later got it back)
Who was Vergil’s patron?
Maecenas
Who introduced Vergil to Octavian?
Maecenas
Who became Vergil’s greatest promoter?
Octavian
Who wrote the Eclogues?
Vergil
When were the Eclogues published?
37 BC
Who wrote the Georgics?
Vergil
How long did Vergil spend on the Georgics?
7 years
When were the Georgics published?
29 BC
What was Vergil doing for the last 10 years of his life?
working on the Aeneid
How did Vergil die?
fever
Where did Vergil die?
Brundisium
When did Vergil die?
19 BC
Where was Vergil buried?
Naples
Who did Vergil ask to burn the Aeneid?
Varius and Tucca
What did Varius and Tucca do instead of burning the Aeneid?
edited it, deleting some extraneous parts but adding nothing
Who ordered Varius and Tucca to edit the Aeneid?
Augustus
What type of writing is the Eclogues?
a collection of pastoral poems
How many poems are in the Eclogues?
10
What meter is the Eclogues?
dactylic hexameter
What else is the Eclogues called?
Bucolics
What style of writing is the Georgics?
poem
How many books are in the Georgics?
four
What meter is the Georgics?
dactylic hexameter
Who suggested the Georgics?
Maecenas
