Regional Groundwater Flow Flashcards
Movement of Water is a
- 3 dimensional phenomenon
- Steady flow through isotropic, homogeneous media, effects of non homogeneity
is the primary method through which water enters an aquifer.
Recharge
An area in which ground water is discharged to the land surface, surface water, or atmosphere.
Groundwater Discharge Zone
Recharge Areas
- Topographic Highs
- deeper water table
Discharge Areas
- Topographic Lows
- Shallow water table
- spring, seep, lake or streams
- vegetation: wet soils
- thicker veg cover or salt deposits
- a line in a dimensional groundwater flow
field such that the total hydraulic head
is the same everywhere on the surface - connects points or equal head and thus
represents the height of the water table/ or Potentiometeric surface of a confined aquifer, above a datum plane
Equipotential Line
Importance of recharge and discharge and time
a line in a dimensional groundwater flow
field such that the total hydraulic head
is the same everywhere on the surface
water moves from wetland to groundwater
recharging wetland
water moves from groundwater to wetland
discharging wetland
idealized paths followed by particles of water as they move through the aquifer
Flow lines-
Line between Discharge and Recharge Areas
Midline
Types of Spring
- Depression spring
- Contact spring
- Fault spring
- Sinkhole spring/solution
- Joint spring
- Fracture spring
Topographic low spots provide the simplest mechanism for the formation Of
springs
_______ springs are formed when the water table reaches the surface (Bryan 1919)
Depression
Where permeable rock units overlie rocks Of much lower permeability, a _______ may result.
contact spring
Faulting may a create a geologic control among spring formation. A faulted rock unit that is impermeable may be emplaced adjacent to an aquifer. This can form a regional boundary to ground-water movement and force water in the aquifer to discharge as a _________
fault spring
Some Of the largest springs are found in areas Of limestone bedrock. In such areas, the
runoff may be carried in part Or totally as Subterranean flow. It may be either diffused flow in pores and fractures in the rock or channelized flow in caverns, Springs may be found where a cavern is connected to a shaft that rises to the surface. What kind of spring is this
Sinkhole Springs
________ may occur from the existence Of jointed or permeable
fault zones in low-permeability rock. Water movement through such rock is principally
through fractures, and springs can form where these fractures the land surface at
low elevations i
Joint Or fracture springs
