Regional Groundwater Flow

Question 1

Movement of Water is a

Answer 1

• 3 dimensional phenomenon
• Steady flow through isotropic, homogeneous media, effects of non homogeneity

Question 2

is the primary method through which water enters an aquifer.

Answer 2

Recharge

Question 3

An area in which ground water is discharged to the land surface, surface water, or atmosphere.

Answer 3

Groundwater Discharge Zone

Question 4

Recharge Areas

Answer 4

• Topographic Highs
• deeper water table

Question 5

Discharge Areas

Answer 5

• Topographic Lows
• Shallow water table
• spring, seep, lake or streams
• vegetation: wet soils
• thicker veg cover or salt deposits

Question 6

• a line in a dimensional groundwater flow
  field such that the total hydraulic head
  is the same everywhere on the surface
• connects points or equal head and thus
  represents the height of the water table/ or Potentiometeric surface of a confined aquifer, above a datum plane

Answer 6

Equipotential Line

Question 7

Importance of recharge and discharge and time

Answer 7

a line in a dimensional groundwater flow
field such that the total hydraulic head
is the same everywhere on the surface

Question 8

water moves from wetland to groundwater

Answer 8

recharging wetland

Question 9

water moves from groundwater to wetland

Answer 9

discharging wetland

Question 10

idealized paths followed by particles of water as they move through the aquifer

Answer 10

Flow lines-

Question 11

Line between Discharge and Recharge Areas

Answer 11

Midline

Question 12

Types of Spring

Answer 12

• Depression spring
• Contact spring
• Fault spring
• Sinkhole spring/solution
• Joint spring
• Fracture spring

Question 13

Topographic low spots provide the simplest mechanism for the formation Of

Answer 13

springs

Question 14

_______ springs are formed when the water table reaches the surface (Bryan 1919)

Answer 14

Depression

Question 15

Where permeable rock units overlie rocks Of much lower permeability, a _______ may result.

Answer 15

contact spring

Question 16

Faulting may a create a geologic control among spring formation. A faulted rock unit that is impermeable may be emplaced adjacent to an aquifer. This can form a regional boundary to ground-water movement and force water in the aquifer to discharge as a _________

Answer 16

fault spring

Question 17

Some Of the largest springs are found in areas Of limestone bedrock. In such areas, the
runoff may be carried in part Or totally as Subterranean flow. It may be either diffused flow in pores and fractures in the rock or channelized flow in caverns, Springs may be found where a cavern is connected to a shaft that rises to the surface. What kind of spring is this

Answer 17

Sinkhole Springs

Question 18

________ may occur from the existence Of jointed or permeable
fault zones in low-permeability rock. Water movement through such rock is principally
through fractures, and springs can form where these fractures the land surface at
low elevations i

Answer 18

Joint Or fracture springs