Regional Differences/ Social Change

Question 1

what event highlighted regional differences in this time period

Answer 1

Monkey Trial 1925

Question 2

give the 3 main events of the Monkey Trial 1925

Answer 2

-6 US states led by William Jennings Bryan leader of Democrat party tried to ban Darwin’s Theory of Evolution from schools
-biology teacher John Scopes challenged ban
-Scopes convicted for breaking the law however trial ruined public image of Bryan/ Southern Fundamentalists

Question 3

who led the ban on Darwin’s theory

Answer 3

William Jennings Bryan former progressive party leader and current leader of democrat party

Question 4

who challenged the ban

Answer 4

biology teacher John Scopes

Question 5

why was the trial a disaster for Bryan and Fundamentalists despite the outcome

Answer 5

both mocked for their beliefs since majority of Americans accepted theory of evolution

Question 6

what beliefs were held by the southern bible belt

Answer 6

fundamentalism and creationism

Question 7

give an example of how regional differences were increased for women 1920s/post ww1

Answer 7

Flapper’s challenged traditional role of women in the North, in the south flappers were criticised even more

Question 8

give 3 examples of how regional differences decreased for women 1920s/ post ww1

Answer 8

-1930 2 million more women in employment than 1920
-Hollywood brought more people West
-cinemas and radios united the nation

Question 9

give 3 examples how regional differences decreased for women in the 1930s/depression years

Answer 9

-New Deal ineffectual for women eg 1932 Economy Act, NRA allowed unequal wages, CCC only 8000 in administrative roles
-by 1940 90% jobs filled by men
-Labour Unions barred women as they brought down wages

Question 10

give 2 examples of how regional differences decreased for women 1940-45/ during ww2

Answer 10

-1944 6.5 million women entered workforce and end of war 60% women employed and 1/3 aircraft workers female
-women expected to return to domestic roles after the war and when married

Question 11

give an example of regional differences increasing for women 1940-45/during ww2

Answer 11

-some states allowed equal pay
-some unions supported higher pay for women (so that men’s pay would increase too)

Question 12

give 3 examples of regional differences decreasing for AA in 1920s/post ww1

Answer 12

-400,000 AA North 1914-18 and 300,000 in war
-racism spread to north eg 1919 Red Summer Race Riots
-rise of KK after Birth of a Nation 1915; 1925 5 million members

Question 13

give 4 examples of regional differences increasing for AA in 1920s/post ww1

Answer 13

-jazz music popular in north and black role models provided eg Louis Armstrong and Bessie Smith
-KKK membership declined after 1925 after Grand Wizard charged with rape
-1914 UNIA set up Marcus Garvey and 2 million members 1920
-1925 Randolf’s African American Brotherhood of Sleeping Porters

Question 14

give 3 examples of regional differences decreasing for AA during 1930s/depression

Answer 14

-lack of southern democrat support meant FDR could not pass new Civil Rights legislation
-last hired first fired and paid less
-CCC ran by a racist only 200,000 AA employed out of almost 3 million employed

Question 15

give 4 examples of regional differences decreasing for AA 1940-45/ww2

Answer 15

-mainly whites benefitted from post war employment boom
-1940 survey found half of war industries did not employ AA
-1943 race riot Detroit
-Jim Crow army given improper training and menial jobs

Question 16

give 2 examples of regional differences increasing for AA 1940-45/ww2

Answer 16

-growing northern call for civil rights with Double V Campaign
-Randolf’s march on Washington 1941 conceded and Executive Order passed to stop discrimination in war industries

Question 17

give 3 examples of regional differences decreasing for immigrants 1920s/post war

Answer 17

-1921 Immigration Quota Act set immigrant restriction to 3% of US population 1910 then 1934 National Origins Act 2% US pop 1890
-growth of nationalism/ fear of especially German immigrants
-Sacco and Vanzetti highlights racism as both Italians had alibis

Question 18

give an example of regional differences decreasing for immigrants 1930s/depression

Answer 18

-last hired first fired paid less

Question 19

give 3 examples of regional differences increasing for immigrants 1940-45/ww2

Answer 19

-end of 1941 US-JApanese relations worsened led to 2000 Japanese citizens and 14,000 Germans labelled subversives and sent to camps
-Attorney General of Idaho said his state was for whites only and Japanese citizens sent to 10 relocation centres set up across the west
-112,000 Japanese citizens forced to leave possessions behind

Question 20

give an example of regional differences decreasing for NA in 1920s/postwar

Answer 20

-1924 Congress declared all NA US citizens

Question 21

give an example of regional differences decreasing for NA in 1930s/ depression

Answer 21

1935 Indian Reorganisation Act NA were citizens and gov abandoned assimilation policy and allowed tribes to reorganise with self governing bodies however showed a lack of understanding fir NA culture and customs

Question 22

give 2 other examples of regional differences besides the Monkey Trial in 1920s/postwar

Answer 22

-economic boom/technological developments benefitted north with electricity and running water but not the rural areas
-economic growth in west and population of Los Angeles reached 1 mil 1930

Question 23

give an example of regional differences in the 1930s/depression

Answer 23

-North/Urban Industrial America faced mass employment, soup kitchens, travelling to find work
-Rural America faced the same but due to the Dust Bowl/ weather conditions
-rural areas could not be helped by New Deal eg Oklahoma farmers forced off land due to soil erosion and dust storms –> 1mil Okies searched for scarce jobs picking fruit in California

Question 24

give an example of regional differences in 1940-45/ww2

Answer 24

-Northern cities mixed socially due to AA migration north
-1940 8% of Chicago population was black (8% of 3.4mil)
-ALL regions benefitted from ww2 demands