FDR and First New Deal

Question 1

what were the four aspects of FDR’s first new deal

Answer 1

Agriculture
Banking
Industry Reform
Relief

Question 2

why was agriculture a priority for FDR

Answer 2

30% of labour force worked in agriculture

Question 3

what were the two main acts/ authority in FDR’s agriculture new deal

Answer 3

Agriculture Adjustment Act 1933
Tennessee Valley Authority 1933

Question 4

what did the AAA do and when was it passed

Answer 4

-gov subsidised farmers to reduce average and production so cost of food and farmers wages would increase
-AAAdministration paid farmers to reduce staple production eg corn cotton and tobacco
-killed 6miklion piglets

Question 5

give 3 stats that show the agricultural first new deals success

Answer 5

-cotton prices rose from 6.5 cents a pound 1932 to 10 cents in 1933
-total farm income rose from $4.5 billion 1932 to $6 billion 1935
- 95% tobacco farmers signed up for AAA agreements

Question 6

when was the TVA set up and what did it do

Answer 6

1933; dealt with poverty and underdevelopment in TV by modernising and improving living standards
constructed 20 dams to cotton floods from River Tennessee
produced hydro electric power in an area where electricity supply was limited to 2/100 farmers

Question 7

give a stat that proves the success of the TVA in the first new deal

Answer 7

residents avg income inc by 200% between 1929-1949

Question 8

give every act used to help Banking and Finance in the first new deal

Answer 8

Glass Steagull Act 1933
Truth in Securities Act 1934
Securities Act 1934
1934 Gold Reserve Act

Question 9

what did the Glass Steagull Act do

Answer 9

1933; small banks banned from investing banking
authority over open market operations transferred from Fed Reserve Banks to Fed Reserve Board in Washington

Question 10

what did the truth in securities act do

Answer 10

1933; required brokers to offer clients realistic information about the securities they were selling

Question 11

what did the securities act do

Answer 11

1934; set up the Securities Exchange Commission to oversee stock market activities and prevent fraudulent activities eg insider dealing

Question 12

what was FDR’s main change to finance

Answer 12

USA taken off gold standard to bring down value of dollars in international markets WHICH WORKED IT FELL TI $0.85 in gold

Question 13

give 3 issues with FDR’s changes to baking and finance in the first new deal

Answer 13

-didn’t majorly affect economy
-prices did not rise significantly
-EU was badly effected by unstable dollar value

Question 14

what were FDR’s main aims for industry

Answer 14

get ppl back to work and increase consumer demand

Question 15

what were the main acts for FDR’s industrial reform in the first new deal

Answer 15

National Industry Recovery Act 1933
(NRA AND PWA)
Civil Works Administration

Question 16

what was the two main parts of the National Industry Recovery Act

Answer 16

National Recovery Administration and the Public Works Administration

Question 17

what did the NRA do

Answer 17

-oversaw industrial recovery
-powerful businessmen benefited from suspension of anti trust legislation of 2 years to promote industrial expansion
-firms encouraged to regulate unfair competition eg price cutting and agreed minimum wages for each industry

Question 18

what happened to the NRA IN 1935

Answer 18

ruled unconstitutional and was unsuccessful as it may have helped businesses become more exploitative

Question 19

what did the PWA do

Answer 19

-pump priming funded with $3.3billioj
-expenditure in public works eg 50,000 miles of roads 13,000!schools
-put ppl back to work

Question 20

what did the Civil Works Administration do

Answer 20

1933 ; made and funded with $400 million grant from PWA to provide emergency relief for unemployed during 1933/4 winter
-4million to work on public works projects
failed and had to turn to relief measures

Question 21

what was the relief act under the first new deal

Answer 21

Federal Emergency Relief Act 1933

Question 22

when was the Federal Emergency Relief Act and what did it do

Answer 22

1933; gave $500million divided between states for unemployed (half spent on outright relief and the rest was paid $1 for every $3 spent in relief)
-each state had to set up relief programmes and when states refused they were denied public monies

Question 23

give a reason and an example why the relief in the first new deal was not effective

Answer 23

states were unwilling to provide relief eg workers for relief programme were refused office space

Question 24

give a stat from 1935 which showed the ineffectiveness of the relief

Answer 24

1925 $25 was given to families per month but minimum survival wage was $100

Question 25

what alphabet agency was set up for relief in 1933

Answer 25

Civilian Conservation Corps

Question 26

what did the CCC aim to do

Answer 26

Department of Labour would recruit men age 17-24 in national forests/parks/public lands

Question 27

what extension showed the success of the CCC

Answer 27

CCC originally set up for 2 years but extended for a further 7 years in 1935

Question 28

give some figures about the CCC’s work

Answer 28

installed 65,100 miles of telephone lines in inaccessible areas
planted 1.3 billion trees

Question 29

what act provided relief for native americans

Answer 29

Indian Reorganisation Act 1934

Question 30

what did the Indian Reorganisation Act do and when was it

Answer 30

1934; did away with Dawes Severalty Act 1887 and encouraged NA culture and tribes reorganised into self governing bodies with their own constitutions/ policies/ legal systems

Question 31

give two reasons why the Indian Reorganisation Act 1934 was not effective

Answer 31

-75/245 tribes voted against these measures since democracy was a ‘white concept’
-still did not provide relief for poverty, just a token gesture and did not understand NA wants