Interwar Foreign Policy 20s-30s

Question 1

give 6 impacts of the end of ww1

Answer 1

-over production (inc 250%)
-technological advancements
-short economic boom after recession
-less women/AA in jobs
-return to laissez faire
-united country

Question 2

why would the US want to return to isolationism after ww1(5)

Answer 2

-protect economy
-return to traditional values
-anti German feeling/ nativism
-red scare
-50,000 deaths from ww1

Question 3

why did the allies struggle to pay back war debt to US after ww1

Answer 3

-economy depleted from war, relied on US loans and Germany could not pay back allies
-needed to expand trade for money but US tariffs too high

Question 4

how much did the allies owe the US

Answer 4

$33 billion

Question 5

who did the US improve foreign relations with and why

Answer 5

Latin America to protect interests / from communism

Question 6

how many US soldiers died in ww1

Answer 6

-50,000

Question 7

how did the Allies’ debt to the USA affect the world

Answer 7

-USA would not write debt off, harder push for reparations from Germany
-occupation of the Ruhr and hyper inflation

Question 8

give 2 parts of the USA’s immediate post ww1 response

Answer 8

-refused to join League of Nations but attended over 40 meetings
-refused to lift immigration restrictions refugees

Question 9

what were the 3 main foreign policy events after ww1 regarding europe

Answer 9

-1922 Washington Conference
-1928 Kellog Briand Pact
- 1924 Dawes and 1929 Young plan

Question 10

explain what happened at the Washington Conference and when it was

Answer 10

-1922, countries agreed to limit arms /tonnage of battleships
-Four Power Treaty signed agreeing to respect interests in Far East and maintain open door policy for China

Question 11

what was a limitation of the agreements made at the Washington Conference and when was it

Answer 11

-1922, no enforcement of limiting arms

Question 12

when was the Kellogg Brand Pact and what did it do

Answer 12

-1928, signed by 15 countries agreeing to only wage war in self defence

Question 13

when was the Kellogg Brand Pact and how was it limited

Answer 13

-no sanctions for breaking pact

Question 14

when was the Dawes plan, why was it wanted and what did it do

Answer 14

-1924 German payments reduced to $250 million a year over 5 years
-Germany also given loan of 800 million marks
-US wanted stable Germany to protect from communism

Question 15

when was the Young plan and what did iy do

Answer 15

-reduced reparations to $26 billion over 59 years

Question 16

how did the US loaning money to countries economically benefit the US

Answer 16

-US lent money Germany to repay reparations, which was then given to the US from the allies to pay off war debt

Question 17

why did the US get involved with Latin America

Answer 17

-protect from communism
-economically motivated

Question 18

how much did investment in Latin America inc by between 1924-29

Answer 18

$1.5 bil –>$3 bil

Question 19

give an example of an American company investing in Latin America

Answer 19

-1923 General Electric controlled provision of electricity in 8 countries
-media also dominated

Question 20

how much did the US give Colombia and why

Answer 20

-$25 million as compensation for supporting independence of Panama

Question 21

what did the US do in Latin America in 1926

Answer 21

-send 5000 troops to Nicaragua to deal with Civil War

Question 22

what were the four main foreign policy events in the 1930s

Answer 22

-Good Neighbour Policy
-Neutrality Acts
-Panay Incident
-Quarantine Speech

Question 23

what was FDR’s Good Neighbour Policy (5)

Answer 23

-continued Hoover’s Latin American policies
-US troops left Haiti, Dominican Republic and Nicaragua
-nullified 1901 Platt Amendment authorising occupation of Cuba
-lowered tariffs
-1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act

Question 24

where did the US withdraw from due to FDR’s Good Neighbour Policy

Answer 24

-Haiti
-Dominican Republic
-Nicaragua
-Cuba

Question 25

what did FDR’s Good Neighbour Policy nullify

Answer 25

-1901 Platt Amendment authorising occupation of Cuba
-kept Guantanamo bay tho

Question 26

what act was passed as part of the Good Neighbour Policy and what did it do and when

Answer 26

-1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
-repealed 20s isolationist policies and FDR could negotiate tariffs and trade treaties without Congress’ approval

Question 27

how many neutrality acts were there

Answer 27

four between 1934-1937

Question 28

what did the first neutrality act do

Answer 28

-prohibited trade with warring countries

Question 29

what did the second neutrality act do

Answer 29

banned loans/trades with warring countries

Question 30

what did the third neutrality act do

Answer 30

allowed trade at war if they collected and paid upfront (cash and carry)

Question 31

what did the fourth neutrality act do

Answer 31

FDR decided which warring countries to trade woth

Question 32

when did Japan invade China and what did it do for the US

Answer 32

-1937, increased anti Japanese feeling

Question 33

what was the Panay Incident and when was it

Answer 33

1937, Japanese warships sunk USS Panay

Question 34

what resulted from the Panay incident

Answer 34

-Congress wanted peace so Japanese apologised and paid compensation to avoid conflict

Question 35

give two percentages reflecting public opinion about war involvement in 1937

Answer 35

-70% Americans saw involvement in WW1 as a mistake and 95% opposed future involvement in war

Question 36

when did FDR make quarantine speech

Answer 36

1937

Question 37

what did FDR talk about in his quarantine speech

Answer 37

-dangers of war, totalitarianism and isolationism