Interwar Foreign Policy 20s-30s Flashcards
give 6 impacts of the end of ww1
-over production (inc 250%)
-technological advancements
-short economic boom after recession
-less women/AA in jobs
-return to laissez faire
-united country
why would the US want to return to isolationism after ww1(5)
-protect economy
-return to traditional values
-anti German feeling/ nativism
-red scare
-50,000 deaths from ww1
why did the allies struggle to pay back war debt to US after ww1
-economy depleted from war, relied on US loans and Germany could not pay back allies
-needed to expand trade for money but US tariffs too high
how much did the allies owe the US
$33 billion
who did the US improve foreign relations with and why
Latin America to protect interests / from communism
how many US soldiers died in ww1
-50,000
how did the Allies’ debt to the USA affect the world
-USA would not write debt off, harder push for reparations from Germany
-occupation of the Ruhr and hyper inflation
give 2 parts of the USA’s immediate post ww1 response
-refused to join League of Nations but attended over 40 meetings
-refused to lift immigration restrictions refugees
what were the 3 main foreign policy events after ww1 regarding europe
-1922 Washington Conference
-1928 Kellog Briand Pact
- 1924 Dawes and 1929 Young plan
explain what happened at the Washington Conference and when it was
-1922, countries agreed to limit arms /tonnage of battleships
-Four Power Treaty signed agreeing to respect interests in Far East and maintain open door policy for China
what was a limitation of the agreements made at the Washington Conference and when was it
-1922, no enforcement of limiting arms
when was the Kellogg Brand Pact and what did it do
-1928, signed by 15 countries agreeing to only wage war in self defence
when was the Kellogg Brand Pact and how was it limited
-no sanctions for breaking pact
when was the Dawes plan, why was it wanted and what did it do
-1924 German payments reduced to $250 million a year over 5 years
-Germany also given loan of 800 million marks
-US wanted stable Germany to protect from communism
when was the Young plan and what did iy do
-reduced reparations to $26 billion over 59 years
how did the US loaning money to countries economically benefit the US
-US lent money Germany to repay reparations, which was then given to the US from the allies to pay off war debt
why did the US get involved with Latin America
-protect from communism
-economically motivated
how much did investment in Latin America inc by between 1924-29
$1.5 bil –>$3 bil
give an example of an American company investing in Latin America
-1923 General Electric controlled provision of electricity in 8 countries
-media also dominated
how much did the US give Colombia and why
-$25 million as compensation for supporting independence of Panama
what did the US do in Latin America in 1926
-send 5000 troops to Nicaragua to deal with Civil War
what were the four main foreign policy events in the 1930s
-Good Neighbour Policy
-Neutrality Acts
-Panay Incident
-Quarantine Speech
what was FDR’s Good Neighbour Policy (5)
-continued Hoover’s Latin American policies
-US troops left Haiti, Dominican Republic and Nicaragua
-nullified 1901 Platt Amendment authorising occupation of Cuba
-lowered tariffs
-1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
where did the US withdraw from due to FDR’s Good Neighbour Policy
-Haiti
-Dominican Republic
-Nicaragua
-Cuba
what did FDR’s Good Neighbour Policy nullify
-1901 Platt Amendment authorising occupation of Cuba
-kept Guantanamo bay tho
what act was passed as part of the Good Neighbour Policy and what did it do and when
-1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
-repealed 20s isolationist policies and FDR could negotiate tariffs and trade treaties without Congress’ approval
how many neutrality acts were there
four between 1934-1937
what did the first neutrality act do
-prohibited trade with warring countries
what did the second neutrality act do
banned loans/trades with warring countries
what did the third neutrality act do
allowed trade at war if they collected and paid upfront (cash and carry)
what did the fourth neutrality act do
FDR decided which warring countries to trade woth
when did Japan invade China and what did it do for the US
-1937, increased anti Japanese feeling
what was the Panay Incident and when was it
1937, Japanese warships sunk USS Panay
what resulted from the Panay incident
-Congress wanted peace so Japanese apologised and paid compensation to avoid conflict
give two percentages reflecting public opinion about war involvement in 1937
-70% Americans saw involvement in WW1 as a mistake and 95% opposed future involvement in war
when did FDR make quarantine speech
1937
what did FDR talk about in his quarantine speech
-dangers of war, totalitarianism and isolationism
