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Q2 Physio test 3 > Regional Circulations I, II > Flashcards

Regional Circulations I, II Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of Autoregulation of arteriolar resistance?

A

maintain constant flow during pressure ∆

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2
Q

Hyperemia is?

Achieved how?

A

Increased blood flow to body part

altering arteriolar resistance

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3
Q

Active Hyperemia is a response to what?

A

↑ metabolic activity in tissues

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4
Q

Reactive Hyperemia is a response to what?

A

↓ O2 delivery

(U) 2º to ↓ flow from obstruction

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5
Q

Myogenic Hypothesis of Pressure

A 
↑ P ->
↑ stretch ->
opens stretch-activated Ca2+ ->
↑ Ca2+ ->
contracts vessels ->
↓ flow

Opposite occurs w/ ↓ P

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6
Q

Myogenic hypothesis explains?

A

autoregulation

does not explain active or reactive hyperemia

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7
Q

Metabolic Hypothesis says what happens when ↑ in Pressure?

A 
↑ P ->
↑ flow -> 
↑ O2 delivery ->
removes metabolic byproducts ->
vasoconstriction ->
↓ flow
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8
Q

Metabolic Hypothesis says what happens when ↓in Pressure?

A 
↓ P ->
↓ flow ->
↓ O2 delivery ->
↑ metabolic byproducts ->
relaxes vessels ->
↑ flow
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9
Q

Metabolic hypothesis explains?

A

active and reactive hyperemia and autoregulation

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10
Q

Arteriolar Resistance in Skeletal mm at Rest

A

arteriolar resistance ↑ due to:
↓ in dilation mediators,
resting symp vasoconstriction of α1 receptors

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11
Q

Effects of symp stim of skeletal mm

A

epinephrine activates β2 receptors ->
vasodilation ->
metabolic byproducts (adenosine, CO2, K)

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12
Q

α1 adrenergic receptors:

location
chem mediator
result

A

all arteriolar smooth mm

Norepi (from symp fibers),
Epi (from adrenal medulla)

Vasoconstriction

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13
Q

β2 adrenergic receptors:

location
chem mediator
result

A

arteriolar smooth mm heart, skeletal

Epi (from adrenal medulla)

Vasodialation

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14
Q

Coronary Circulation:

Reactive Hyperemia in LV

A

↑ LV wall pressure during systole occludes coronary circulation ->

↓ L coronary vascular resistance ->
↑ L coronary flow during diastole

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15
Q

Symp stim of cardiac mm

A 
activates β1 rec ->
↑ chrono and inotropics ->
↑ metabolism/byproducts ->
↓ O2 -> 
vasodilation
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16
Q

Symp stim of coronary vasculature

A

activates α1 receptors ->

vasoconstriction

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17
Q

During exercise, which mediator dominates?

A

vasodilators

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18
Q

Normal perfusion of blood in brain tissue?

A

50 ml/min/100g of tissue

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19
Q

Normal cerebral perfusion pressure = ?

A

map - Intracranial Venous Pressure

(U) ~ 85 mmHg

20
Q

Cushing Reflex

A

Response to ↑ ICP:

symp NS causes widespread vasoconstriction ->
↑ systemic arterial pressure

21
Q

Primary method for ↑ flow in brain?

A

metabolic: ↑ CO2 and H+

22
Q

Symp innerv of brain vasculature:
receptors
action

A

α1 receptors

vasoconstriction

23
Q

Parasymp innerv of brain:
neurotransmitter
action

A

ACh

vasodilation

24
Q

Cerebral blood flow regulation highly dependent on?

A

mental activity,

is highly localized

25
Q

Range of mean arterial pressure in renal circulation

A

80 - 170 mmHg

26
Q

Renal circulation autoregulates how?

A

↑ renal artery P ->

1) myogenic vasoconstr of afferent (supply organ) arterioles

2) ↑ glomerular filtration rate ->
↑ water delivery ->
↑ release of vasoconstrictors

27
Q

Anterior hypothalamus’ fxn in temp regulation?

A

coordinates mechanisms of heat generation/loss

28
Q

Anterior hypothalamus receives input from?

A

own thermoreceptors and

receptors in skin

29
Q

Anterior hypothalamus generates heat how?

A

↑ metabolic rate
shivering
vasoconstrict skin bv (↑ SNS tone)

30
Q

Anterior hypothalamus dissipates heat how?

A

↓ SNS tone to skin bv
vasodial skin bv (↑ BF)
shunt blood to skin surface

31
Q

Fear causes vaso?

A

constriction

32
Q

Embarrassment causes vaso?

A

dilation

33
Q

What causes hyperemic responses?

A

Deficiency in O2 in tissues

34
Q

% breakdown of blood distribution per organ/system:

Cerebral
Coronary
Renal
GI
Skeletal mm
Skin
A

Cerebral 15%

Coronary 5%

Renal 25%

GI 25%

Skeletal mm 25%

Skin 5%

35
Q

During exercise, what happens to distribution of CO to:

Skin
Heart
Skeletal mm

A

skin: ↑ 370%
heart: ↑ 367%

skeletal mm: ↑ 1066%

36
Q

During exercise, what happens to distribution of CO to:

Brain
GI
Bone, misc

A

brain: no change

GI: ↓ 45-56%

Bone: ↓ 30%

37
Q

R Coronary Artery supplies blood to?

A

R vent

R atrium

38
Q

L coronary Artery supplies blood to?

A

L vent

L atrium

39
Q

Skin densely innervated by?

A

Sympathetics

no parasymps

40
Q

Purpose of SNS innervation of skin?

A

body temp regulation

41
Q

Local metabolic control is most important for what circulations? (5)

A

1) coronary
2) cerebral
3) exercising skeletal mm
4) pulmonary
5) renal

42
Q

Sympathetic control is most important for what circulations?

A

1) resting skeletal mm

2) skin

43
Q

Vasoactive metabolites in coronary circulation?

A

hypoxia

adenosine

44
Q

Vasoactive metabolites in cerebral circulation?

A

CO2

H+

45
Q

Vasoactive metabolites in skeletal mm circulation?

A

lactate
K+
adenosine

46
Q

Vasoactive metabolites in pulmonary circulation?

A

hypoxia

47
Q

Metabolic hypothesis states?

A

If O2 delivery to tissue cannot keep up with consumption, metabolic by-products accumulate.

Metabolic by-products induce smooth muscle relaxation and enhance flow.

Q2 Physio test 3 (8 decks)

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