Microcirculation Flashcards
Arterioles innervation
Sympathetic:
α1-adrenergic
β2-adrenergic
α1-adrenergic receptors where?
skin
Activation of α1-adrenergic receptors results in?
(contraction of VSM)
↓ diameter
↑ resistance
↓ flow
β2-adrenergic receptors where?
skeletal mm
Activation of β2-adrenergic receptors results in?
(relaxation of VSM)
↑ diameter
↓ resistance
↑ flow
Other effectors of arteriole resistance
circulating catecholamines
Vein/Venule wall layers
endothelial
elastic tissue
smooth mm
CT
Sympathetic stim of Vein/Venule results in?
venoconstriction ->
↓ compliance for venous return ->
↓ unstressed vol
Capillary perfusion depends on?
(not all perfused at same time)
metabolic needs of the particular tissue,
dilation/contr of precapillary sphincters
Precapillary sphincter regulated by?
sympathetic innerv of smooth mm,
metabolites from tissues
Solute/Gas Exchange across capillary wall via what kind of diffusion?
simple
solutes/gas can go through or between endothelial cells
O2 and CO2 (lipid soluble) diffusion driven by?
Partial pressure gradient for the gas and
Surface area
H2O, Glucose, AA (H2O soluble) diffuse via?
aqueous clefts between endo cells
Proteins diffusion?
Too large to cross clefts,
Retained in vascular compartments
Clefts in Brain vs Kidneys/Intestines
Brain: tight clefts, very little protein transfer
Kidney/Int: fenestrated clefts, some protein transfer
Most important mechanism for fluid transfer across capillary wall is?
Bulk flow
Bulk Flow driven by?
hydrostatic P
osmotic (oncotic) P
(Startling Pressures)
Role of Lymphatics
return ISF and proteins to vascular compartments
Location of Lymphatics
ISF near capillaries
Structure of Lymphatics
one-way valves
smooth mm
Flow of Lymphatics
capillaries -> lymph vessels -> thoracic duct -> large veins
Startling Eqn
Jv = Kf [(Pc – Pi) – (πc - πi)]
Jv = fluid movement Kf = hydraulic conductance Pc = capillary hydrostat P Pi = interstitial hydrostat P πc = capillary oncotic P πi = interstitial oncotic P
Startling Eqn tells us?
direction of fluid movement (in or out of capillary)
Magnitude of fluid mvmt per hydraulic conductance (water permeability) of wall
Filtration is?
net mvmt OUT of capillary into interstitium
Absorption is?
net mvmt INTO capillary from interstitium
Kf (hydraulic conductance) is?
wall water permeability
↑ in glomerular caps
↓ in cerebral caps
↑ in injury
Edema results from?
↑ ISF vol
ISF vol from filtration > ability of lymph to return it to circulation
Causes of ↑ capillary hydrostatic P
heart failure
venous obstruction
Cause of ↓ capillary oncotic P
hypoproteinemia
Cause of ↑ hydraulic conductance
burn/trauma destruction of capillary wall
Causes of ↓ lymph drainage
removed/irradiated lymph nodes
filariasis (parasite of lymph nodes)
lack of muscular activity
What is Bulk Flow?
Movement of water and solutes together in and out of cell
Lymph flow driven by?
contraction of smooth mm in lymph vessel and skeletal mm causes flow
Oncotic pressure is what?
Osmotic P of proteins in vessel’s plasma,
U pulls water into circulatory system
Oncotic pressure is opposing for to what?
hydrostatic P