Regional Circulation

Question 1

R to L Heart (Circulatory)
Regional Circulations

• are regulated by what type of mediator

Answer 1

• Series

- Parallel - Endogenous

Question 2

Endogenous Regulators of Blood Vessel Diameter

Answer 2

1. Local Metabolites
2. Basal Tone
3. Auto-regulation of blood - Kid

Question 3

Types of Local Metabolites

Answer 3

Active Hyperima - Increased Demand

Reactive - In response to metabolite build up

Question 4

Exogenous Regulators of Blood Vessel Diameter

Answer 4

1) Autonomic (mostly sympathetic innervation + sympathetic cholenergic)
2) Vasoactive materials - endothelin, angiotensin

Question 5

Table Oxygen Uptake

Answer 5

ml/100g/min –> oxygen uptake per 100 grams (gen. of activity)

ml/min –> oxygen uptake per organ (more cells… higher)

% = percent of uptake body uses

Question 6

Table Blood Flow (%)

Answer 6

% = percent of CO the organ. gets

*ideally should equal %CO (CO) % of O2 (used by body) - Not the case

Question 7

%CO&raquo_space; %O2

%CO &laquo_space;%O2*

Answer 7

Over-Perfusion - other used of blood.

Under-Perfusion

Question 8

(A-V)(O) * Table

Answer 8

% of total blood oxygen that was taken up by organ.

Better at extracting O2

Question 9

Resistance to flow at the base of the lung is ______ than at the top of the lung because?

Answer 9

More blood accumulation at bottom of lung –> compliance, –> stretching —> increased diameter –> reduced resistance

Question 10

Explain Hypoxic Vasoconstriction

Answer 10

normally blood goes to area of hypoxia, in lungs circulation is cut off to these areas.

Question 11

Metabolic control is less powerful than neural control? T/F

Answer 11

False

Question 12

Why is coronary blood flow at maximum during diastole

*doesn’t reduce blood to heart during excersize in healthy patient

Answer 12

During systole, contraction of the heart compressed the vessels, reducing radius, and increasing resistance.. during diastole, the diameter increases and boom

Question 13

Three ways skin regulate temp

Answer 13

1) vasoconstriction

2) Counter current annatormy

Question 14

Explain Vasoconstriction warms body

Explain how Vasodilation cools body

Explain Counter current warms body

Answer 14

Increases resistance – slows blood – less blood exposed

less resistance – faster blood – more blood exposed to skin and lose heat

Arterioles give to venuele - any heat transferred to veins is transferred to back to body

Question 15

AV Shunt

Answer 15

In Skin (exposed to environment)
Vasoconstrictors/Vasodilators
huge changes in resistance. --> Regulate (TPR)
Bypass Capillaries

Question 16

How does the Sympathetic Parasympathetic Affect Regional Circulation in GI Tract

Answer 16

S: Vasoconstriction - M.A.P up
(cells die if for too long)
P: not direct: PS tone causes SM motility, Metabolites cause Dilation

Question 17

Liver is part of a _______ circulation. In ________ with _____ arteries.

Answer 17

Portal, Series, Mesenteric

• kidney also a portal system

Question 18

Why does the liver have a second artery supply. Name?

Answer 18

Hepatic A. Because the Portal vein is low in oxygen content. High in nutrients from the intestines tho

Question 19

Explain Pooling

Answer 19

Small oncotic pressure difference. Incr

Question 20

Explain increased perfusion in skeletal muscle during exercise? Doesn’t Sympathetic R. cause constriction?

Answer 20

Yes, IK, vasoconstriction occurs in other mm to increase blood flow to working mm. In the working arm, metabolites cause local dilation, w/is a stronger R. than S. Tone; + Capillary recruitment

Question 21

Sympathetic Anticipatory response/

Answer 21

1) quick vasoDilation

2) Vaso-constrict AV shunts** dropping TRP&raquo_space; keeps M.A.P at bay.

Question 22

A muscle pump _______

Answer 22

increases venous return to heart